Science Introduction Notes Science 8 Our Lady of Mt. Carmel School

Asking questions is a sign of intellectual maturity.  S IS NOT SCIENCE 7…EXPECTATIONS ARE GREATER!

Science Marks Breakdown 70 % 60 % 50 % 60% 70 % 60 %

8 Simple Rules for Classroom Behaviour ‘Follow these, and we will have a great year’ 1. Respect one another & property at all times 2. Use good manners 3. Do your own work 4. Follow directions 5. Keep hands, feet, objects, and unkind remarks to yourself 6. Bring required materials to class 7. Raise your hand 8. Do not bring unnecessary/distracting materials

Mr. Leonard’s Class  Review of Course OutlineCourse Outline  ‘15% less rule’ with last year’s effort  30% rule for no assignments  How you should set up your science binder:  1. Notes  2. Homework  3. Labs/Activities  4. Quizzes/ Tests  5. Extra paper (lined, white & grid)

Mr. Leonard’s Class  Come prepared with all required materials!  You need your binder and textbook everyday, but may need other materials time to time.  Not coming prepared with the proper equipment is not an excuse to not do your work!  Entering & leaving class  Cellphones/ Personal devices Cellphones/ Personal devices  Sinks  Plagiarism…(sigh) Consequences will be severe and immediate. Know the difference between group work and your work

Science 8 Any info you need is found on my website: leonard91sciwebnode.com Link:  See Website See Website  Note taking Note taking

The Scientific Method- How does science work?  Scientific method is not a recipe: it requires intelligence, imagination, and creativity.  It is also an ongoing cycle, constantly developing more useful, accurate and comprehensive models and methods.  Scientific Method Video (1:17-3:01) Scientific Method Video

Outline of the Scientific Method 1) Question (ie. What is the Problem?) 2) Hypothesis 3) Create Operational Definitions  Materials  Procedure  Variables  Controlled  Manipulated  Responding 4) Observations (in chart or graph) 5) Analyze data 6) Reliability/Validity 7) Conclusion 8) References

7 Points When Talking Science… A) Observations Types of Observations  Accurate – exact report of what your senses tell you.  Objective – avoids opinion or bias on a specific point of view. (opposite = subjective)  Quantitative – have numbers, but also can include descriptions.  Qualitative – do NOT have numbers, only descriptions.  Hint: describe one of these observations in your lab reports!

Observations Examples

B) Measuring  Provides specific information and help observers avoid bias.  Needs to be accurate!

C) Classifying  organizing ideas, objects and events into groups according to a system.  good classification systems make finding information easier and clarifies relationships.

D) Hypotheses  a prediction about the outcome of a scientific investigation.  must be testable by observations.  For our purposes, it is a cause and effect, or ‘if-then’ statement. Explain why after. ‘if the temperature is decreased, then the seedlings will not grow as well’. Why… ‘ if the amount of moisture is increased, then the bread will get moldier’. Why….

E) Variables Variable -> factors that can change.  3 types  1) Manipulated Variable (independent variable) 1 variable that is purposely changed and tested  2) Responding Variable (dependent variable) the 1 factor that may change as a result of the manipulated variable - this is what you are trying to find out  3) Controlled Variables all the other factors (3-4 different factors) must keep ALL conditions the same.

Examples How does the amount of fluoride affect the number of cavities?  Manipulated variable =  Responding variable =  Controlled variables = Is the number of tomatoes on a tomato plant affected by the amount of fertilizer used?  Manipulated variable =  Responding variable =  Controlled variables =

F) Graphing Data  Allows one to see patterns and trends that are very difficult to spot from a table of numbers.

Graphing the Variables the manipulated (math terms: independent) variable is always plotted against the responding variable (math terms: dependent) Y Axis (responding variable) Units X Axis (manipulated variable) Units

G) Interpreting Data (Analysis)  means looking for a pattern or trend.  Ie. What happened? Detailed explanations!  Hint: pretend the teacher knows nothing about science. You need to explain every little detail.

Safety in the Science Classroom  Safety test to follow!!!  Know the WHMIS symbols!  Always wear SAFETY GOGGLES!  Always put lids back on containers!  Safety Review Safety Review Lab Safety Quiz!Lab Safety Quiz! This Friday!! (Block 4)