Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System By: Taylor Schwanzer

What is the Endocrine System? Hormone - Secreted chemicals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells in other parts of the body to change their functioning Endocrine System - The internal system of communication involving hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones, and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to hormones Target Cells are those cells equipped to respond to hormones Endocrine glands which are hormone-secreting organs Neurosecretory cells secrete hormones into the blood

Signaling Molecules Hormones: send regulatory messages throughout the body in extracellular fluid Endocrine signaling Local Regulators - cells adjacent to or near point of secretion Neurotransmitters Cytokines and growth factors Nitric oxide Prostaglandins - help regulate the aggregation of platelets Paracrine Signaling Autocrine Signaling Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones Neuroendocrine Signaling Synaptic Signaling Pheromones

Chemical Classes of Hormones

Cellular Response Pathways Water-Soluble Hormones Lipid-Soluble Hormones Multiple Effects of Hormones on target cells that have: Different receptors for the hormone Different signal transduction pathways Different proteins for carrying out the response

Simple Hormone Pathways Simple Endocrine Pathway Insulin and Glucagon: Control of Blood Glucose Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Type 2 (Non-Insulin-Dependent) Positive Feedback

Coordination of the Endocrine and Nervous Systems Invertebrates Vertebrates Posterior Pituitary Hormones Oxytocin Antideuretic hormone (ADH) Anterior Pituitary Hormones Each hypothalamic hormone is either a releasing or inhibiting hormone Hormone Cascade Pathway Tropic Hormones Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Nontropic Hormones Prolactin (PRL) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Growth Hormones (GH) Hormone Cascade Pathway

Endocrine Glands Thyroid Gland Control of Metabolism and Development and Homeostasis Thyroid Hormone: Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) Parathyroid Gland and Vitamin D Control of Blood Calcium Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Endocrine Glands Cont. Adrenal Gland Response to Stress Adrenal Medulla Catecholamines: Epinephrine and Norpinephrine Adrenal Cortex Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids Pineal Gland Melatonin Biorhythms Gonads Sex Hormones Androgens Testosterone Estrogens Estradiol Progestins Progesterone

Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones

Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones Cont.

Sources http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/gland_diagram.cfm http://humanphisiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Cell_signaling.jpg/197555318/Cell_signaling.jpg http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3bio315/picts/lectures/lecture4/TypesInterCellSig1.jpg http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/intro/nonpolar.png https://kleczekbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Screen_shot_2011-03-16_at_10.50.44_PM.png/211303716/Screen_shot_2011-03-16_at_10.50.44_PM.png http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/hormone_types.jpg http://www.orko.cz/Varia/Pro%20Katku/Campbell%20obr%E1zky/45_Art_for_Students/45_05ReceptorLocation_2-L.jpg http://greatneck.k12.ny.us/gnps/shs/dept/science/krauz/bio_h/images/45_04CellSpecificResponse_L.jpg http://www.nicerweb.com/bio1152/Locked/media/ch45/45_11SimpleEndocPathway-L.jpg https://kleczekbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Screen_shot_2011-03-10_at_10.39.11_AM.png/211216252/Screen_shot_2011-03-10_at_10.39.11_AM.png http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/upload/a6798901.png http://kleczekbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Screen_shot_2011-03-18_at_10.41.35_AM.png/211900310/Screen_shot_2011-03-18_at_10.41.35_AM.png http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/antpostpit.JPG http://www.freewebs.com/apbiosite/calc%20homeo.bmp http://www.natural-supplements-guide.com/images/thyroid_gland.gif http://www.pauerhome.com/ryan/endocrine_system/pictures/parathyroid_gland_diagram_1.jpg http://humanityhealing.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Pineal-Gland_Humanity-Healing-1.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_hhUdKwzDmA4/SwT2uQ41bKI/AAAAAAAAAPw/AQKy5BmKUI8/s1600/hor.jpg http://fog.ccsf.org/~mmalacho/physio/oll/Lesson2/images/7BSlide1.JPG