Chapter 14 Technology in Physical Education and Health Education Amy Adams Jamese Cobb Janae Dawkins Maria Ebulu

What Does TPACK Look Like In Physical and Health Education? TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) is the perfect union of 3 knowledge domains Helps teachers understand how technology can enhance the learning opportunities and experiences for students Teachers will incorporate TPACK principles in PE/HE when planning lessons Maria 2

Issues and Problems in PE/HE Today’s children are less physically active –Obesity rates are increasing as children spend more time inside watching TV/playing video games instead of going outside and playing –Declining levels of physical inactivity are more prevalent among preadolescent and adolescent girls than boys of the same ages Technology like Wii and interactive video games can motivate an increase in physical activity Maria 3

Instructional Time for Health and Physical Education Schools are refocusing their priorities on meeting standards in content areas and increasing test scores on the state and national levels. –Health and physical education have suffered even though 3 out of 4 deaths in the US are because of preventable chronic conditions To achieve desired results, experts recommend 50 hours of health instruction per school year and 150 minutes of physical education instruction per week for grades K-5 and 225 minutes for grades –The actual amount of time contributed to health and physical education in most schools is far less than that. Maria 4

Addressing the Standards and Handling Controversial Health Issues The focus is on health literacy –The capacity of individuals to obtain, interpret and understand basic health information along with the competence to use such information to enhance health. Controversial topics like date rape, suicide, drugs, violence, and character education are being increasingly included in health education. Maria 5

Standards for Health and Physical Education Jamese 6

Technology Integration Strategies Support improvements in fitness Develop and improve motor skill performance Improve students’ beliefs and interactions related to physical activity Assess and enhance personal health Support the procurement of valid health information Influence others’ health behaviors Support interdisciplinary instruction Jamese 7

Supporting Improved Fitness Technology devices include: Treadmills, stair steppers, stationary bikes, rowing machines, electronic blood pressure devices, body composition analyzers, pedometers, accelerometers (count calories), spirometers (measure lung volume), heart monitors, nutritional analysis programs Rehabilitation equipment and assistive technology help adapt for students with special needs Jamese 8

Developing and Improving Motor Skill Performance Technology can provide students with: – Information, model performances, and feedback, along with opportunities for self- analysis and monitoring the improvement in the area of motor skill performance. In order for students to develop a new motor skill, they must first understand and observe a model performance. Instructional broadcasts on motor skills provide a model demonstration of the skill to be learned. Janae 9

Developing and Improving Motor Skill Performance (continued) Knowing why a skill is performed in a certain manner is beneficial to the learning of new skills and more significantly, to the transfer of that learning to new movement experiences. Asking students to set personal goals and then monitoring their progress on new motor skills is motivational to the student. Handheld computers help the teachers to organize data, while keeping track of each student’s performance. –Electronic portfolios can put students in charge of collecting, recording, and analyzing their motor skill achievement, fitness performance, social interactions, and cognitive learning. Once motor skills are practiced, the feedback becomes significant to the component of perfecting the student’s performance. Video replay, for example is a form of feedback, but is best used for students beyond the beginner level. Janae 10

Shaping Students’ Beliefs and Interactions Related to Physical Activity Televised shows, after-school specials, often focus on social and self-esteem issues related to physical activity or physical appearance. Physical educators can use prompts and certain programs for journal writings. The internet offers an ideal medium for connecting students with different backgrounds and beliefs by providing them with opportunity for interactions related to physical activity. –Keypals are students who connect with other students via . –Students can also access an array of other individuals with knowledge or expertise related to physical education. –The internet and electronic encyclopedias provide students with access to a wealth of information, including history of sports and dance. Janae 11

Amy 12 Helping Students Assess and Enhance Personal Health Start my video, then minimize to follow the slides Information alone is not enough –If you want people to make changes (especially students), the information needs to be relevant to them personally Interactive programs are available – Using height, weight, age, gender, physical activity, as well as types and amounts of food eaten, these programs give a detailed analysis of the calories consumed, nutrient values of the foods, and total nutrients ingested –This allows students to see whether or not they are meeting their dietary needs and how they can make changes –The programs also recommend exercises and menus that are appropriate – Using the info above plus basic medical information and lifestyle choices (blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, drinking, etc.) programs can establish life expectancy and risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer –Puts choices into perspective and makes our decisions more “real”

Helping Students Obtain Valid Health Information Textbooks are quickly becoming obsolete and outdated You have to be careful about information on the web There are sites and software available to provide students with good information KidsHealth.org Amy 13

Influencing Health Behaviors Mentoring programs and videoconferencing with other classrooms around the world to collaborate and share research and results –Also brings out cultural variations, promoting diversity –There are web-based programs that give students real problems to solve, use diagnostic tools and simulations, and see the consequences of negative choices Amy 14

Supporting Interdisciplinary Instruction Curriculum is more relevant and better absorbed when content among subject areas is related. This can happen with Physical Education and Health Education –Example: PE = training & conditioning, Health focused on diet and activity, Science discusses the digestive system, Math can use calorie input/output word problems Amy 15