The Republican Betrayal The role of presidential power in challenging republican convictions

I. American Expansion

A. Population Growth Between , the population of the country increased by 2 million 84% of the population were farmers Sectionalism was a growing reality both north and south

B. Growth in the West There was much movement west—by 1840, one-third of the US population lived across the Appalachian Mountains By 1820, 10 new states were added and several territories were organized

B. Growth in the West (cont) Key to the growth was water transportation The culture of the west --Daniel Boone --Mike Fink Continuing problems with Indians --Tecumseh and the Prophet

C. Commercial Expansion Cotton exports doubled between The importance of the New England merchant marine --The Barbary Pirates Combination of cotton exports and carrying trade produced a 500% increase in net American profits between

C. Commercial Expansion Most urban professions were related to shipping and cities were relatively isolated The carrying trade discouraged industrialization Fulton’s steamboat on the Hudson River (1807)

II. The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson ( ) Little pretense and a lack of personal charisma Selected only loyal cabinet officers Washington, D.C. as a “frontier”-type town

A. Achievements Did not exercise a veto in 8 years Reduced the national debt--$83 million in 1801 to $45 million in 1808 Establishment of West Point in 1802

A. Achievements (cont) Contributes to the decline of the Federalist Party --Removed only 109 of 433 Adams’ appointees in 1801 The Louisiana Purchase (1803) --Lewis and Clark Expedition ( ) --Sacajawea

B. Failures Attack on the Judiciary --Marbury v. Madison (1803) --First national example of “judicial review” --John Pickering and Samuel Chase Republican party disunity Tertium Quids: “A Third Something” --John Taylor and John Randolph

B. Failures (cont) Problems with Aaron Burr --Secession attempts in New York and the West --Found innocent of treason The divisive issue of slavery Growing Tension with the British --The Embargo of 1807 Embargo contributes to American industrialization

III. Questions Historians Ask About War What are the origins or causes of a war? Where and how was the war fought? What were the results or consequences of the war? What impact did the war have on the home front(s)?

IV. The War of 1812 Growing problems with British --Interference with American Shipping (Impressment) --Stirring up Indians: Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) --Defense of National Honor --land hunger for Canada --Spain as refuge for escaped slaves

A. Where and How the War was Fought War of 1812 = “unrepublican” action Lack of American preparedness for the War American strategy in the War Andrew Jackson’s attack on Florida Naval Battles on the Great Lakes --Oliver Perry and the Battle of Put-in-Bay

A. Where and How the War was Fought (cont) Burning of Washington, D.C. The Siege of Fort McHenry (Baltimore) The War of 1812 was a very strange war --War begins just when relations improve with the British The Battle of New Orleans (January, 1815)

B. Results and Consequences of the War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent (December 24, 1814) --Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams --status quo antebellum The war bolstered American nationalism The war created a new generation of political leaders: Clay, Calhoun, Webster, Jackson

B. Results of the War (cont) The war encouraged US manufacturing The war sends the Federalist Party into extinction --The Hartford Convention (late 1814) --Note reversals of roles: Federalists want states rights and Republicans want more national power