Intro to the web process Main concepts: Bandwidth, Digital vs. Analog Aerial vs. Terrestrial, “The Negroponte Switch” ISDN, ADSL Synchronous vs. A-Synchronous DOMAIN NAMES Browser URL, IP, DNS, Cache, Log, Firewall, plug-in Strategy/Technology Age/Audience size Is the Web all there is? Three last frameworks

The Paradigm Shift: Reduce Cost, Improve Service in Order Management Customer Sales and Service History Database Information Database Inventory Systems Order Processing n 800 n Mail COMPLETE THE TRANSACTION (Customer-Defined Access) EMERGING n Fax n On-line The Web/Online Services Delivery Systems n 800 n Mail CURRENT (Company-Defined Access) COMPLETE THE CALL

Shared Market Data Virtual Shelf Collaborative Systems Manufacturer Customer Retailer Supplier 800 The Web ENTERPRISE FOCUS PARTNER FOCUS CUSTOMER FOCUS Manufacturer Customer Retailer Supplier Manufacturer Customer Supplier EMERGING NEAR TERM CURRENT 800 Fax On-line The Paradigm Shift: Reduce Time-to-Market in Supply Chain Management

Browsing 101 1

Browsing There exist a variety of browsers Explorer, Netscape, Mosaic, Lynx, Opera, Offline browsers HTML, and therefore browsers, are not Page Definition Language or systems Looking for dynamic, interactive presentation Hence the role of PDF, Shockwave, Java, DHTML, VRML, SSI, PHP, ASP, CGI, etc.

Browsing 101 2

Browsing 101 3

Browsing 101 4

Browsing an IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet.bitpackets The IP address is usually expressed as four decimal numbers, each representing eight bits, separated by periods. This is sometimes known as the dot address and, more technically, as dotted quad notationdot address

Browsing For a more extended discussion of IP addressing, see "Understanding IP Addressing: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know, by Chuck Semeria. "Understanding IP Addressing: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know At: sc/ html Longest Match forwarding Algorithm Dotted Decimal Notation Subnetting VLSM

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Browsing 101 9

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Browsing The cache is often accessible later on. Originally there for speed sake, now makes for a security and privacy nightmare

Browsing

The Internet: Key Technology Concepts Federal Networking Council definition of Internet highlights three important concepts that are the basis for understanding the Internet:  Packet switching  TCP/IP communications protocol  Client/server computing

Packet Switching A method of slicing digital messages into packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination Uses routers: special purpose computers that interconnect the computer networks that make up the Internet and route packets to their ultimate destination Routers use computer programs called routing algorithms to ensure packets take the best available path toward their destination

Packet Switching

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) Protocol: A set of rules for formatting, ordering, compressing, and error-checking messages TCP: Establishes the connections among sending and receiving Web computers, handles the assembly of packets at the point of transmission, and their reassembly at the receiving end IP: Provides the Internet’s addressing scheme TCP/IP is divided into 4 separate layers:  Network Interface Layer  Internet Layer  Transport Layer  Application Layer

The TCP/IP Architecture and Protocol Suite

IP Addresses Internet address (also called IP address): a 32-bit number expressed as a series of four separate numbers marked off by periods, such as IPv4 the current version of IP. Can handle up to 4 billion addresses IPv6 (next generation of IP) will use 128-bit addresses and be able to handle up to 1 quadrillion addresses

Routing Internet Messages: TCP/IP and Packet Switching Figure 3.5, Page 123

Domain Names, DNS, and URLs Domain name: IP address expressed in natural language Domain name system (DNS): allows numeric IP addresses to be expressed in natural language Uniform resource locator (URL): addresses used by Web browsers to identify location of content on the Web

Client/Server Computing Model of computing in which very powerful personal computers (clients) are connected in a network with one or more server computers that perform common functions for the clients, such as storing files, software applications, etc.

Insight on Business: Peer-to-Peer Computing Goes to Work Class Discussion How does Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking differ from client/server networking? Why is P2P networking a potential money-saver for corporations and other organizations? What are some illegal uses of P2P networking? What are some legal uses of P2P networking? Why does P2P networking permit users to remain anonymous? Is this a good thing?

Other Internet Protocols HTTP: Used to transfer Web pages SMTP, POP, and IMAP: Used to send and receive FTP: Permits users to transfer files from server to client and vice versa Telnet: Program that enables a client to emulate a mainframe computer terminal SSL: Protocol that provides secure communications between client and server

Utility Programs Ping: Utility program that allows you to check connection between client and server Tracert: Utility program that allows you to follow part of a message sent from a client to a remote computer Pathping: Utility program that combines functionality of Ping and Tracert

The Internet Today Client/server computing model, coupled with hourglass, layered architecture of Internet has allowed Internet to handle explosive growth without disruption Hourglass/layered architecture – 4 layers:  Network Technology Substrate  Transport Services and Representation Standards  Middleware Services  Applications

The Hourglass Model of the Internet SOURCE: Adapted from Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB), 2000.

Internet Network Architecturee Backbone: Consists of high-bandwidth fiber-optic cable owned by a variety of Network Service Providers (NSPs) Internet Exchange Points (IXPs): Hubs where backbones intersect with regional and local networks, and where backbone owners connect with one another Campus area networks (CANs): Local area networks operating within a single organization that leases Internet access directly from regional or national carrier Internet Service Providers: Lease Internet access to home owners and businesses

Internet Network Architecture

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Retail providers that deal with “last mile of service” Major national ISPs include AOL, MSN, and AT&T WorldNet, etc. Offer both narrowband (traditional telephone modem connection at 56.6 Kbps) and broadband (service based on DSL, cable modem, T1 or T3 telephone lines, and satellite)

Broadband Service Choices Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Telephone technology delivers high-speed access through ordinary telephone lines Cable modem: Cable television technology piggybacks digital access to Internet on top of analog video cable line T1 and T3: International telephone standards for digital communication that offer guaranteed delivery rates Satellite: high-speed downloads, but no upload available

Intranets and Extranets Intranet: TCP/IP network located within a single organization for purposes of communication and information processing Extranet: Formed when firms permit outsiders to access their internal TCP/IP networks

Who Governs the Internet? A number of different organizations that influence Internet and monitor its operations including: – Internet Architecture Board (IAB) – Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) – Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) – Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) – Internet Society (ISOC) – World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Domain names There are currently over 6 million registered domain names About half use the.com extension Approximately 70,000 new every week Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Governance (?): Keeper(s) of the Names InterNIC: Internet Network Information Center, funded by NSF. Since 1993, Network Solutions, Inc. (NSI), has been the only provider of domain name registration services in the.com,.net and.org top-level domains: October 1998: the "Shared Registration System.” : Five new registrars - in addition to NSI – were accredited to register domain names in.com,.net, and.org

ICANN The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the non-profit corporation that was formed to assume responsibility for the IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions previously performed under U.S. Government contract by IANA and other entities.

Network Solutions $119 to reserve for two years $70 to register

New Governance Information on the implementation of NSI's Shared Registration System will be available at Information about ICANN and ICANN's registrar accreditation process is available at Information regarding the United States Government's efforts to privatize the management of the domain name system and increase competition in domain name registration services is available at

New Domain Names (TLDs) in 2001.biz.info.name.pro.coop.aero.museum Also… foreign language, and foreign administration

Huh?

Name already taken? Don’t despair Cybersquatters: “RealNames” and “Netword” schemes New TLD (Top Level Domains) just around the corner, or already allowed:.info,.md,.web,.store etc. UltraNeoColonialism: set up shop in Austria or Tonga: etc.

Names for sale

Three last frameworks... The strategy-technology linkage Information Age and Audience Size Who to Whom and When

Three last frameworks... The strategy-technology linkage aspect:  Brand Awareness -- Information Publishing  Customer Segmentation -- Data Access  Loose Collaboration -- Transaction Processing  Tight Collaboration -- Object Sharing Chronological model?

Age of information and audience size

What technologies? (“communities”?) ICQ USENET Gooey, ubique Newer technologies and applications?