Context: security of supply environmental protection limit impact on supply side prudence and rationalisation in the use of natural resources Objectives: promote the improvement of building energy performance converge building standards towards those of Member States which already have ambitious targets Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Why a new directive? Buildings responsible for 40% of final energy consumption in EU SAVE Directive is now showing benefits but needs a complementary legal instrument to achieve unrealised potential for energy savings Construction Products Directive needs to be accelerated Labelling Directive needs to be expanded RTD programmes have not led to wide technology diffusion substantial differences in energy performance between member states level playing field is needed for consumers and industry in the internal market Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Standards: Application to all new buildings Application to existing buildings >1000m 2 when they are subject to renovation Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Proposed measures: method for integrated building energy performance standards – not necessary to use the same program in all States, but a common approach is required to ensure a level playing field application of standards to new buildings and all major refurbishments certification schemes for all buildings inspection and assessment of heating, cooling & lighting installations

Energy rating Domestic buildings – propose to use a modified version of SAP for energy rating Non-domestic buildings – inclined towards an independent, non-commercial, public domain program (Faber Maunsell have suggested Energy+ to the ODPM) Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Method for integrated building energy performance standards: considering position and orientation, insulation, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, lighting, heat recovery, passive and active renewable energy components, indoor climate give flexibility to practitioners to meet standards in the most cost-effective way performance to be expressed in terms of simple energy indicators Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Existing buildings over 1000m 2 : should meet regulations at time of refurbishment as far as is technically and functionally feasible Energy Performance of Buildings Directive New buildings over 1000m 2 – at the feasibility stage, the following to be considered: decentralised energy supply systems based on renewable sources combined heat and power district or group heating heat pumps (under certain conditions)

Certification scheme: certificates to be available when a building is constructed, sold or rented include advice on how to improve performance be displayed in large publicly owned buildings Inspection and assessment: carried out regularly on oil-fired boilers between kW every 2 years for oil-fired boilers over 100 kW (4 years for gas-fired) where boilers are larger than 20 kW and older than 15 years, the entire installation to be inspected and upgrading advice given similar requirements for cooling systems subject to a 12 kW threshold Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Impacts: new software required for integrated performance assessment standards setting and frequency of standards revision improvement of renovation and retrofitting techniques issuing of performance certificates inspector appointment and training Standards issues: heating requirements well covered by EN 832 and prEn cooling requirements not yet set by any standard but proposal to develop EN 832 and prEn to include this renewable energy systems, CHP, group heating, daylighting, air quality being considered Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Overall Impacts: Eduardo Maldonado has estimated the impact for Portugal (10 Million people) Certification: 70,000 new or resold; 0.5 person-days per unit gives 35,000 person-days per year; 150 full-time engineers. Inspections: similar number required; inspections required at full-load but part-load are of fundamental importance. Inspector appointment and training expensive Member States will need to include more energy flows in their calculation procedures harmonisation is at present limited to only a few energy flows expect much further movement at the European level Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Wider issues: social: why do so few citizens take ownership of the energy consumption problem given that they can save energy (money) and protect the environment what will be the impact of moving from uniform descriptive standards to variable performance standards liability of developers for misrepresentation Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Modelling issues: how to assess integrated performance, e.g. interaction between active and passive renewable components how to describe complex components, e.g. natural ventilation how to ensure consistent methods for establishing performance, e.g. climate data and performance criteria