SUPPORTING SLIDES

Rigid and Flexible Assumption

Quick Release Mechanism

Load Cell Zero load 250 lb 500 lb Full load

Load cell connection

Lvdt and Dial gage

Cable and load cell

Typical LVDT Record

Typical Accelerometer Record

New Mix: G1 Series

New Mix: G2 Series

More cylinders: E C,ASTM Specimen E C,ASTM (ksi) G G G G G G G G

Compressometer Compressometer: ELE International Dial gage: Federal: Model C2I ( in) Machine: Forney Model F-60C-DFM/1 Year 1999

Stresses in Free Vibration Test

Stresses in Free-Vibration Tests

Idealized Stress vs Strain

α for E c = 3800 ksi α Exterior Frames Interior Frames D Frame AnalysisProperty Testing Direction N-SE-W f (Hz) k (kips/in)

3D Model with Ec= 5000 ksi Property Testing Direction N-SE-W f (Hz) k (kips/in)

Assumption details f and k for E c = 3800 ksi Assumption Testing Direction f N-S (Hz) f E-W (Hz) Thin Plate Thick Plate Assumption Testing Direction k N-S (kips/in) k E-W (kips/in) Thin Plate 5150 Thick Plate 6461 Error= 15-25% Error= 20-40%

Assumption details f and k for E c 50% Larger Assumption Testing Direction f N-S (Hz) f E-W (Hz) Thin Plate Thick Plate Assumption Testing Direction k N-S (kips/in) k E-W (kips/in) Thin Plate 7775 Thick Plate 9692 Error= 3-7% Error= 4-18%

Stresses in the pluck-test Total Weight: 440 kips Stresses at the the columns: 440/(6*18*18)=225 psi Stresses due to lateral load (2 kips): 40 psi Total stresses: 265 psi Stress/fc’ ≈ 0.06 (1/15)

Mass Calculation Plain Concrete: 142 lb/ft 3 MATERIALS Steel: 490 lb/ft 3 COLUMNS PLATES

SAP2000 Thin Plate Vs. Thick Plate Even for thin-plate bending problems where shearing deformations are truly negligible, the thick-plate formulation tends to be more accurate, although somewhat stiffer, than the thin-plate formulation. However, the accuracy of the thick-plate formulation is more sensitive to large aspect ratios and mesh distortion than is the thin-plate formulation. “Shearing deformations tend to be important when the thickness is greater than about one-tenth to one-fifth of the span. They can also be quite significant in the vicinity of bending-stress concentrations, such as near sudden changes in thickness or support conditions, and near holes or re-entrant corners. It is generally recommended that you use the thick-plate formulation unless you are using a distorted mesh and you know that shearing deformations will be small, or unless you are trying to match a theoretical thin-plate solution”. SAP2000 Analysis Reference

Cracks on the building

UCLA Flat-Plate Structure

Frequency α=0.5 α=1 f 1 (Hz) f 2 (Hz) % 23% 8% 20%

Modified Compressometer