Soldiers Spies Nurses Camp Followers

Soldiers Jennie Hodgers – Union soldier –Fought for several months in the Missouri artillery unit –Served under the name Albert Cashier –Fulfilled entire army enlistment –Fought at the battles of Vicksburg, Nashville, and Mobile Frances Clalin -Union soldier –Fought in the Missouri cavalry units

Spies Belle Boyd (La Belle Rebelle) –Confederate Spy –Provided valuable info to General Turner Ashby and Stonewall Jackson –Imprisoned twice and arrested six times –Married Samuel Harding, a Union officer

Rose O’Neal Greenhow Confederate Spy Known as “Wild Rose” Known for sending General Beauregard a ten- word secret message to help win the Battle of Bull Run Jefferson Davis credited her with winning the battle of Manassas Imprisoned in her own home and then in the Old Capitol Prison –After her second imprisonment, she was exiled to the Confederate States

Sarah “Emma” Edmonds Was a Union Spy –Was both a spy and a soldier –Was enlisted under the name Frank Thompson –Her missions: “Cuff” Mission – joined the confederacy as a black slave “Bridget O’Shea Mission – disguised as a Irish peddler “Black Mammy” Mission – disguised as a laundress and discovered Confederate documents Had 11 total missions

More Spies Emmeline Piggott - Confederate –North Carolina’s most famous spy –Carried dispatches under her long skirts Elizabeth Howland - Confederate –Sent messages through her young children Elizabeth Van Lew - Union –Visited Union prisoners taking them food and medicine –Set up a network of couriers and devised a code to send messages

Relief Help Many women helped the war effort by acting as nurses. –A few of the most famous include: Clara Barton Dorothea Dix Louisa May Alcott Sally Tompkins

Famous Nurses Clara Barton –Overcame the military bureaucracy and traveled to the front line –After the war, created the American Branch of the International Red Cross. Dorothea Dix (Dragon Dix) –First worked in a mental hospital –Was put in charge of all army hospitals –Established a nurse dress code

Relief Help Dr. Mary Walker –Was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Johnson for her skill as a surgeon during the Civil War Not allowed on the battlefield but served in D.C.

Jobs during the War Factory workers – making artillery pieces, uniforms Government Positions – copying documents, postal workers, minting money Camp Followers – Women who were there to lift morale of the troops

Pair-Share Women played many roles in the war such as soldiers, spies, nurses, and more. If women didn’t play these roles do you think that outcome of the war would be different? Why or why not?

During the Civil War

Fashion during the Civil War Era Fashion depended on your class during the war  Victorian Era Common styles for women: –Hoop skirt with ruffles, silk blouses, shawls, hat or bow, bonnet, parasol, fans, corsets, gloves, brooches Common styles for men: –Pants, vests, suit jackets, top hats, caps, bow ties, soldiers gear

Men’s Wear

Women’s Clothing

Music during the Civil War Songs are split into different categories –Inspirational marches used to boost morale –Traditional slave songs –Soldier’s songs –Family songs Instruments used –Drums – tell soldiers what to do and how to march –Fifes – also told what to do because shrill sound could be easily heard –Bugles – Gave commands such as morning, retreat, reverse, etc.

Popular Songs Both the Union and Confederate sides had songs they sang. Soldier Songs –Examples: When Johnny Comes Marching Home Union Songs –Examples: Battle Hymn of the Republic, Battle Cry for Freedom, The Army of the Free Confederate Songs –Examples: Dixie’s Land, God Save the South, The Yellow Rose of Texas

Questions about the Songs What are some of the symbols used in the song? Why is the song significant for that side of the war?