Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic Acids  Nomenclature  Properties  Preparation reactions  Typical reactions  Spectroscopy

Nomenclature Nomenclature Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids »IUPAC »Common Acid derivatives Acid derivatives »IUPAC »Common

RCOOH Preparation Reactions  Oxidation of Primary Alcohols  Oxidation of Aldehydes  Oxidation of Substituted Aromatics  Carbonation of Grignard reagents  Hydrolysis of Acid derivatives and Nitriles  Haloform reaction  Periodic acid Cleavage of Vicinal Dials/Diketones  Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes/Alkynes

Carboxylic Acids via Oxidation Carboxylic Acids via Oxidation u From Primary Alcohols u From Aldehydes u From Substituted Aromatics

Carbonation of Grignard Reagents

Hydrolysis of Acid Derivatives and Nitriles

Haloform Reaction Cleavage of methyl carbinols Cleavage of methyl carbonyls

Periodic Acid Cleavage of Vicinal Dials/Diketones

Oxidative Cleavage Reactions Oxidative Cleavage Reactions  Alkene Cleavage  Hot Potassium Permanganate  Alkyne Cleavage  Hot Potassium Permanganate  Ozonolysis  Alkene Cleavage  Hot Potassium Permanganate  Alkyne Cleavage  Hot Potassium Permanganate  Ozonolysis

Typical RCOOH reactions Typical RCOOH reactions   Conversion to carboxylate salts   Conversion to acid halides   Conversion to esters   Conversion to amides   Conversion to anhydrides   Reduction to alcohols   Decarboxylation

Carboxylates from Carboxylic Acids Carboxylates from Carboxylic Acids v Reaction with Active Metals v Reaction with Strong Base v Reaction with Weak Base

Acid Chlorides from RCOOH Acid Chlorides from RCOOH  Reaction with Thionyl Chloride  Reaction with Phosphorus Trichloride  Reaction with Phosphorus Pentachloride

Ester Formation Ester Formation  From Carboxylic Acids with ROH via mineral acid catalysis via the use of diazomethane  From Acid Chlorides  From Acid Anhydrides

Amide Formation Amide Formation  Direct Conversion of Acids to Amides  From Acid Chlorides  From Acid Anhydrides  From Esters

Acid Anhydride Formation Acid Anhydride Formation  Via Dehydration of Carboxylic Acids  Via Reaction of RCOCl with RCOOH  Via Reaction of RCOCl with RCOONa

Formation of Cyclic Anhydrides Formation of Cyclic Anhydrides

Reduction of Carboxylic Acids  Lithium Aluminum Hydride reduction  Diborane reduction

Decarboxylation of RCOOH   Thermolysis of beta-diacids   Thermolysis of beta-keto acids

Spectroscopy InfraredPmrCmr