Cairo Sept 2010 Preparations for WRC-12 WRC -12 AGENDA ITEM 1.3 ON UAS Presented by John Taylor MID RPS for WRC-12 preparation

UAS –Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) consists of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and associated Control Stations. Unmanned aircraft are powered, aerial vehicles that do not carry a human pilot, use aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, and may fly autonomously or be piloted remotely Cairo Sept 2010

Cairo Sept 2010 UAS APPLICATIONS Two groups of UAS applications, anticipated fields of operation examples for each mission type

Cairo Sept 2010 AIRSPACE ISSUES UAS operations have been limited to segregated (restricted airspace) Advancements in design and technology Expanding deployment in a variety of roles More favorable in repetitive, routine, long duration operations Requirement for safe integration into non- segregated (non-restricted) airspace Integration into the Air Traffic Control system

Cairo Sept 2010 Communication links Integration into Air Traffic Control system and national airspace Operation in civil airspace with other air traffic Operation must be transparent to all other users as if UAS were a manned aircraft Requirement for communication links with UAS Three main types of communication links Command and Control link Relay of Air Traffic Control communications Relay of Sense and Avoid communications

Cairo Sept 2010 Communication Links Seamless integration of UAS in civil airspace Requirement for maintaining safety of flight Requirement for short range line of sight communications Requirement for beyond line of sight communications The two types of communication requirements have a profound effect on the amount spectrum needed Hence WRC-07 placed and agenda item on the next WRC- 12 to identify spectrum for UAS

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-Agenda Item 1.3 to consider spectrum requirements and possible regulatory actions, including allocations, in order to support the safe operation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), based on the results of ITU R studies, in accordance with Resolution 421 (WRC 07

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Resolution 421 Invites ITU-R to conduct in time for WRC 12 the necessary studies leading to technical, regulatory and operational recommendations to the Conference, enabling that Conference to decide on appropriate allocations for the operation of UAS that the studies referred to in invites ITU R 1 should include sharing and compatibility studies with services already having allocations in those bands to produce a report or a recommendation, as appropriate, on how to accommodate the radiocommunication requirements for UAS payloads

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Spectrum requirements and possible regulatory actions, including allocations, for safe operation of UAS ISSUES What are the technical characteristics What are the protection requirements How much spectrum will be required Identification of current allocations that can accommodate UAS Identification of additional frequency allocations if required Ensuring compatibility with existing radiocommunication services What possible regulatory actions will be required by the Conference

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Spectrum requirements and possible regulatory actions, including allocations, for safe operation of UAS Work being undertaken in WP 5B Spectrum requirement identified 34 MHz terrestrial 56 MHz Satellite (including feeder links) PDNR ITU-R M.[UAS-SPEC] (Doc. 5B/296 Annex 16) Framework towards DN Report ITU-R M.[UAS-BANDS] (Doc.5B/296 Annex 14) Draft CPM text (Doc. 5B/296 Annex 19) Work plan (Doc. 5B/296 Annex 18)

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Spectrum requirements and possible regulatory actions, including allocations, for safe operation of UAS Communications Scenario for line of sight ATC UA Control Station Uplink : CS to UA 1. CS to UA Downlink : UA to CS 2. UA to CS Spectrum requirement LOS = 1+2 = 34 MHz 1 2

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Spectrum requirements and possible regulatory actions, including allocations, for safe operation of UAS Communication Scenario for beyond line of sight ATC UAV CS Satellite Spectrum requirement PILOT/SAT (UL+DL) =1+4= 28 MHz + SAT/UA (UL+DL) =2+3= 28 MHz TOTAL BLOS = 2 x 28Hz = 56MHz Forward link : 1. Uplink : CS to satellite 2. Downlink : satellite to UA Return link: 3. Uplink : UA to satellite 4. Downlink : satellite to CS

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Spectrum requirements and possible regulatory actions, including allocations, for safe operation of UAS Candidate frequency bands 960 –1 164 MHz 1 545–1 555 (space-to-Earth) and – MHz (Earth-to-space) MHz (space-to-Earth and Earth-to-space) 5 000–5 150 MHz and GHz

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Frequency Band Analysis 960 –1 164 MHz In-band systems Co-site compatibility Inter-site compatibility Existing adjacent band systems Potential future in-band systems

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Frequency Band Analysis MHz (space-to-Earth), MHz (space-to-Earth and Earth-to-space), and MHz (Earth-to-space) AMS(R)S allocation in portions of these bands Could be used for UAS communications links These bands also under study in WRC Agenda Item 1.7 UAS communications would need to be specified and standardized for use over satellite links RAS must be protected

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 Frequency Band Analysis MHz Suitable for UAS links AMS(R)S and AMRS allocations Need to protect MLS and RNSS Potential sub-band usage

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 CURRENT STATUS OF WORK ITU-R Draft new Report ITU-R M.[UAS-SPEC] Preliminary draft new Report ITU-R M.[UAS-Bands] CPM text has been published work plan and milestones

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 ICAO POSITION ON 1.3 To support, based on the results of studies identified in Resolution 421, any modification to existing allocations, or new allocations required to accommodate UAS operations in non- segregated airspace while maintaining the safety and regularity of flight of all types of aircraft. Accordingly, to ensure that allocations used, in particular, for UAS command and control, ATC relay and sense and avoid in non-segregated airspace are in the AM(R)S, AMS(R)S and/or ARNS and do not adversely affect existing aeronautical systems To oppose the use of this agenda item to seek new spectrum allocations to meet payload requirements.

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 REGIONAL POSITIONS ON 1.3 CEPT CITEL APG ASMG ATU RCC

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 REGIONAL POSITIONS ON 1.3 CEPT POSITION To support modifications to existing allocations as appropriate to accommodate UAS Command and control/ Sense and Avoid systems needed to maintain the safety and expeditious use of airspace. To oppose the allocation of spectrum for payload purposes under this agenda item

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 REGIONAL POSITIONS ON 1.3 CITEL POSITION Support ITU R studies related to this agenda item, particularly on the amount of spectrum needed, frequency bands and compatibility with incumbent services. Supported by US, Canada and Brazil.

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 REGIONAL POSITIONS ON 1.3 APG POSITION The current studies being carried out by ITU-R in WP 5B are supported. Allocations to AM(R)S, AMS(R)S and/or ARNS, in order to satisfy spectrum needs for UAS applications, are supported, preferably from existing aeronautical safety allocations. Compatibility with existing services, in particular ICAO standards based systems such as MLS, needs to be ensured. Due to the safety nature of UAS, regulatory provisions associated with the allocation need to be clear, unconditional and implement able in practice. AI 1.3 should be confined to safety communications and not payload

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 REGIONAL POSITIONS ON 1.3 ASMG POSITION To follow studies in WP 5B Focus study on limited use of AMS(R)S and AMS for these applications If other bands are proposed, then ensure no impact to existing services in these bands.

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 REGIONAL POSITIONS ON 1.3 ATU POSITION Position is unknown at this time

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 REGIONAL POSITIONS ON 1.3 RCC POSITION Supports allocation in AM(RS, AMS(R)S and ARNS bands for UAS the RCC CAs do not support additional spectrum allocations for these services. Does not support UAS in MHz, MHz, MHz, MHz and GHz.

Cairo Sept 2010 WRC-12 Agenda Item 1.3 UAS END