Polarized beams in RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 12, St.Petersburg.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
A proposal for a polarized 3 He ++ ion source with the EBIS ionizer for RHIC. A.Zelenski, J,Alessi, E.Beebe, A.Pikin BNL M.Farkhondeh, W.Franklin, A. Kocoloski,
Advertisements

Polarized 3He ++ ion source development for RHIC. Check the Bjorken Spin Sum Rule (the difference between the 1st moments of the proton and neutron spin.
Spin Filtering Studies at COSY and AD Alexander Nass for the collaboration University of Erlangen-Nürnberg SPIN 2008, Charlottesville,VA,USA, October 8,
1 Electron Beam Polarimetry for EIC/eRHIC W. Lorenzon (Michigan) Introduction Polarimetry at HERA Lessons learned from HERA Polarimetry at EIC.
The polarized hydrogen jet target measurements at RHIC Andrei Poblaguev Brookhaven National Laboratory The RHIC/AGS Polarimetry Group: I. Alekseev, E.
September 12, 2013 PSTP 2013 G. Atoian a *, V. Klenov b, J. Ritter a, D. Steski a, A. Zelenski a, V. Zubets b a Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton,
DIS 2006 TSUKUBA April 21, 2006 Alessandro Bravar Spin Dependence in Polarized Elastic Scattering in the CNI Region A. Bravar, I. Alekseev, G. Bunce, S.
Polarimetry of Proton Beams at RHIC A.Bazilevsky Summer Students Lectures June 17, 2010.
DIS 2006 Tsukuba, April 21, 2006 Alessandro Bravar Proton Polarimetry at RHIC Alekseev, A. Bravar, G. Bunce, S. Dhawan, R. Gill, W. Haeberli, H. Huang,
Ion Polarization Control in MEIC Rings Using Small Magnetic Fields Integrals. PSTP 13 V.S. Morozov et al., Ion Polarization Control in MEIC Rings Using.
7/30/99Douglas E. Fields for the E950 Collaboration 1 A CNI Polarimeter for RHIC Spin Results from IUCF CE75 & AGS E950 M. Bai, G. Bunce*, H. Huang, Y.
Absolute polarimetry at RHIC Hiromi Okada (BNL) I. Alekseev, A. Bravar, G. Bunce, S. Dhawan, O. Eyser, R. Gill, W. Haeberli, O. Jinnouchi, A. Khodinov,
Thomas Roser Snowmass 2001 June 30 - July 21, 2001 Polarized Proton Acceleration and Collisions Spin dynamics and Siberian Snakes Polarized proton acceleration.
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider high-intensity polarized H - ion source The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider high-intensity polarized H - ion source.
PHENIX Local Polarimeter PSTP 2007 at BNL September 11, 2007 Yuji Goto (RIKEN/RBRC)
Systematic Errors Studies in the RHIC/AGS Proton-Carbon CNI Polarimeters Andrei Poblaguev Brookhaven National Laboratory The RHIC/AGS Polarimetry Group:
Thomas Roser 2 nd Electron-Ion Collider Workshop March 15-17, 2004 Ion Polarization in RHIC/eRHIC M. Bai, W. MacKay, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, A. Zelenski.
Polarized deuterons and protons at NICA А.Коваленко NICA-SPIN_PRAGUE 2013 Charles University, Prague, July 7-12, 2013.
Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at RHIC
Polarized beam in RHIC in Run Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg.
K.O. Eyser --- Absolute Polarization Measurement at RHIC in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference Region -1- Absolute Polarization Measurement at RHIC in the.
Relative Polarization Measurements of Proton Beams Using Thin Carbon Targets at RHIC Grant Webb Brookhaven National Laboratory Sept 14, 2015PSTP20151 for.
Polarization Measurements of RHIC-pp RUN05 Using CNI pC-Polarimeter Itaru Nakagawa (RIKEN/RBRC) On behalf of CNI Polarimeter Group I.G.Alekseev A A.Bravar.
Polarization Measurement of 100GeV Proton Beams at RHIC with CNI pC Polarimeter Itaru Nakagawa (RIKEN/RBRC) On behalf of CNI Polarimeter Group I.G.Alekseev.
Spin 2004 Trieste October 14, 2004 Alessandro Bravar Spin Dependence in Elastic Scattering in the CNI Region: p  p  pp & p  C  pC A. Bravar, I. Alekseev,
Proton Polarimetry at the U-70 Facility Sandibek Nurushev Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia International Seminar on High Energy Spin.
» Absolute Polarimetry of Proton Beams at RHIC« Oleg Eyser for the RHIC Polarimetry Group International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry.
High-Intensity Polarized H - Beam production in Charge-exchange Collisions A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 14, St.Petersburg.
Spin-05 Dubna, Sep 28, 20051Dave Kawall (RIKEN-BNL and UMass) Title High Energy Spin Physics with the PHENIX detector At RHIC Dave Kawall, RIKEN-BNL and.
ERHIC with Self-Polarizing Electron Ring V.Ptitsyn, J.Kewisch, B.Parker, S.Peggs, D.Trbojevic, BNL, USA D.E.Berkaev, I.A.Koop, A.V.Otboev, Yu.M.Shatunov,
OPPIS performances in Run-6. First 4 weeks. RSC meeting, February 10, 2006.
» RHIC Polarimetry « Oleg Eyser for the RHIC Polarimetry Group 2014 RHIC Retreat, August 14.
Proton Charge Form Factor Measurement E. Cisbani INFN Rome – Sanità Group and Italian National Institute of Health 113/Oct/2011E. Cisbani / Proton FF.
Oct 6, 2008Amaresh Datta (UMass) 1 Double-Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry in Non-identified Charged Hadron Production at pp Collision at √s = 62.4 GeV at Amaresh.
Proton Polarimetry at RHIC K. Oleg Eyser for the CNI polarimeter group Newport News, VA, October 25, 2013.
Polarized proton projections Wolfram Fischer 11 May 2012 RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting BNL.
Polarized source upgrade. Source upgrade project Main component delivery: Atomic Beam Source- August 2011 Superconducting solenoid- March-2012.
A. Zelenski a, G. Atoian a *, A. Bogdanov b, D.Raparia a, M.Runtso b, D. Steski a, V. Zajic a a Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA b.
The RHIC C-CNI polarimeter upgrade for 2009 Run. RSC Meeting, December 16, 2008 Anatoli Zelenski for polarimeter upgrade group. T.Russo, T.Curcio, D.Lehn,
1/30/2016Douglas E. Fields for the p+C CNI collaboration 1 Test of Small Angle Elastic Proton-Carbon Scattering as a High Energy Proton Beam Polarimeter.
SONA Transition Optimization in the Brookhaven OPPIS A. Kponou, A. Zelenski, S. Kokhanovski, V. Zubets & T. Lehn B. N. L.
POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS AND ABSOLUTE POLARIZATION VALUES EVOLUTION DURING PROTON BEAM ACCELERATION IN THE RHIC ACCELERATOR COMPLEX A.Zelenski, T.Roser,
Rola spinu w elastycznym rozpraszaniu pp i pC w RHIC-u Andrzej Sandacz Seminarium Fizyki Wielkich Energii UW Warszawa, 4 marca 2005.
Beam intensity profile measurements with the RHIC (AGS) C-CNI polarimeters. Polarization profile measurements. Polarimeter target mechanisms upgrades.
Proton Spin Physics: Current Status and Forthcoming Results (Experiment) Christine Aidala Columbia University.
RHIC polarized source upgrade. A.Zelenski, BNL. Workshop on high–energy spin physics, IHEP, Protvino, September 1983 Workshop on high–energy spin physics,
Polarized source upgrade RSC, January 11, OPPIS LINAC Booster AGS RHIC ( ) ∙10 11 p/bunch 0.6mA x 300us→11∙10 11 polarized H - /pulse. ( )
Projector test APS-DNP 2004 Session DA: Probing the Gluonic and Quark Structure of Matter.
The RHIC Optically-Pumped Polarized Ion Source. The OPPIS polarization technique. Sona-transition studies. OPPIS performance in Runs. Pulsed OPPIS.
P-Carbon CNI polarimeter upgrades. Vacuum system. Target drives. Targets. Polarimetry Workshop, July 31, 2009 A.Zelenski for polarimetry group.
Analysis of d(e,e’p)n in BLAST Aaron Maschinot Massachusetts Institute of Technology Spin 2004 Conference Trieste, Italy.
Thomas Roser Snowmass 2001 June 30 - July 21, 2001 Proton Polarimetry Proton polarimeter reactions RHIC polarimeters.
Absolute Polarization Measurement at RHIC in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference Region September 30, 2006 RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
October 22, 2004 Single Spin Asymmetries at RHIC 1 F.Videbaek Physics Department, Brookhaven National.
STAR Dmitry Svirida (ITEP) for the STAR Collaboration XIVl Workshop on High Energy Spin Physics, Dubna, Russia, September 20-24, 2011 Transverse single.
Inclusive cross section and single transverse-spin asymmetry of very forward neutron production at PHENIX Spin2012 in Dubna September 17 th, 2012 Yuji.
Overview of the sea quark polarization measurements of PHENIX at RHIC DIS April 12, Rusty Towell Abilene Christian University on behalf of the PHENIX.
The First Transverse Single Spin Measurement in High Energy Polarized Proton-Nucleus Collision at the PHENIX experiment at RHIC RIKEN/RBRC Itaru Nakagawa.
Thomas Roser SPIN 2006 October 3, 2006 A Study of Polarized Proton Acceleration in J-PARC A.U.Luccio, M.Bai, T.Roser Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton,
RHIC pC Polarimeters in Run9: Performance and Issues A.Bazilevsky for the RHIC CNI Group Polarimetry Worshop BNL, July 31, 2009.
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Summary of the target session of the IEB Workshop June 19, 2015 | Alexander Nass.
Large Booster and Collider Ring
eRHIC with Self-Polarizing Electron Ring
Kieran Boyle (Stony Brook University) for the PHENIX Collaboration
A Precision Measurement of GEp/GMp with BLAST
Transverse Spin Physics at PHENIX
Kazuya Aoki For the PHENIX Collaborations. Kyoto Univ. / RIKEN
Today’s topics; New AN and ANN results at s = 6.9 GeV
Recent results from BLAST detector
Yu.N. Filatov, A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Presentation transcript:

Polarized beams in RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 12, St.Petersburg

RHIC High-Luminosity (Polarized) Hadron Collider ,31, 19.5,3.9, 5.5 GeV

RHIC: the “Polarized” Collider STAR PHENIX AGS, 24GeV LINAC BOOSTER, 2.5 GeV Pol. H - ion source Spin Rotators 20% Snake Siberian Snakes 200 MeV polarimeter RHIC pC “CNI” polarimeters RHIC Absolute H-jet polarimeter Design goal - 70% Polarization L max = 1.6  s -1 cm < √s < 500 GeV AGS pC “CNI” polarimeter 5% Snake Polarization facilities at RHIC.

Optically-Pumped Polarized H - Ion Source (OPPIS) at RHIC, (originally developed in collaboration between KEK, BNL, TRIUMF and INR Moscow). RHIC OPPIS produces reliably mA (maximum 1.6 mA) polarized H - ion current. Pulse duration 400 us. Polarization at 200 MeV P = 85-90%. Beam intensity (ion/pulse) routine operation: Source H - /pulse Linac (200MeV) - 5∙10 11 AGS - 1.7∙10 11 RHIC - 1.4∙10 11 (protons/bunch). A beam intensity greatly exceeds RHIC limit, which allowed strong beam collimation in the Booster, to reduce longitudinal and transverse beam emittances.

Schematic Layout of the RHIC OPPIS 29.2 GHz ECR proton source 29.2 GHz ECR proton source SCS solenoid Probe laser Na-jet Ionizer cell Na-jet Ionizer cell Pumping laser Cryopumps Sona-transition Rb-cell SCS -solenoid

Depopulation Optical Pumping 5S 1/2 5P 1/2 λ = 795 nm Circularly Polarized light M J = -1/2 M J = +1/2 Spontaneous decays. nL J ~ 100% polarized Rb atoms! 1.56 eV W. Happer, Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 170 (1972) relaxation Optical pumping application is limited by available laser wavelenghes!? Recent progress in laser technology is very promising for new applications.

Optical pumping of alkali metals 2 S 1/2 5/2 3/2 F =5/2 2 P 1/2 3/2   8 Li I = 2 Li 671 nm Na 590 K 770 Rb 795 Cs 894 Fr 817 Typical polarization = 60 – 70% 381 MHz mFmF -5/2 -3/2 -1/2 1/2 3/2 5/2 Valence electron absorbs light  tranfers polarization to nucleus via hyperfine coupling

Collinear Optical Pumping polarizer at TRIUMF

Faraday rotation polarimeter of Rb vapor. Θp-optical pumping –on. Θ 0 -optical pumping -off. PD1 PD 1 =I 0 sin θ p PD 2 =I 0 cos θ p P Rb = ( θ p - θ 0 )/  θ 0 PD2 Cr:LISAF pumping laser at795 nm Rb-cell λ/2 Linear polarized probe laser beam at 780 nm.

Polarized H - ion current pulse out of 200 MeV linac. Faradey rotation polarization sinal. 500 uA cuurent At 200 MeV. 85-hole ECR Source for the maximum polarization. 400 uS 12· polarized H - /pulse.

EBIS ionizer for polarized 3 He gas (proposal). He(2S)→ He(1S) He(2S)→ He(1S) He-3 metastability- exchange polarized cell P %. Pumping laser 1083 nm. EBIS-ionizer, B~ 50 kG EBIS-ionizer, B~ 50 kG RFQ Linac Booster AGS RHIC RFQ Linac Booster AGS RHIC He-transfer line. Valve. ~50· He /pulse. 2.5·10 11 He ++ /pulse Polarization by optical pumping Ionization 1.5·10 11 He ++ /pulse

AGS Cold Snake installed. The two-snake solution provides better spin matching at injection and extraction.

PHENIX and STAR STAR STAR: Large acceptance with azimuthal symmetry Good tracking and PID Central and forward calorimetry PHENIX: High rate capability High granularity Good mass resolution and PID Limited acceptance

Intermediate bozons W ± - can be produced directly in electroweak processes in collisions of polarized proton beams of √ S= 500 GeV energy at RHIC. In this case parity-violating A L can be as large as 50% and spin-correlation can be used for studies of different flavor quark contribution to the proton spin. Sea-quarks polarization studies via intermediate boson W ± Production at RHIC, √S= 500 GeV. u d u +d  W +, d +u  W - W + Spinning Proton Spinning Quarks or Gluons Quark, Gluon, Photon, Electron or Neutrino from W or Z Decay

2013HP8 Measure flavor-identified q and  q contributions to the spin of the proton via the longitudinal-spin asymmetry of W production.  Initial 500 GeV p+p run already demonstrates W reconstruction capabilities in STAR and PHENIX, with only ~10 pb  1.  W asymmetry measurements with power to discriminate among antiquark distribution models require ~300 pb  1 and >60% polariz’n.  u and d polarizations predicted to be substantially different in many nucleon structure models.

RHIC luminosity in Run-2011 Bunch intensity ~ 1.6 *10 11 proton/bunch Peak luminosity ~1.5*10 32 cm 2 s

Polarized beam luminosity.

Foundation of the RHIC Spin Physics.  High-intensity polarized proton source.  “Siberian snakes” to preserve polarization.  P-P and P-Carbon CNI polarimeters.  Theoretical “tools”: QCD calculations.

Polarized Proton Polarimetry from the Source to RHIC energies. A polarimeter has to satisfy the following: Beam polarization monitor for Physics ( < 5 % ) Several samples over a reasonable time period, one fill Beam polarization diagnostic and Machine tuning tool Sample on demand and online, fast/within minutes Low systematic errors. A large dynamic range & Energy independence Large analyzing power, large cross section, & low background Reasonable Cost. Unlike electron polarimeters where processes are calculable, proton reactions rely on experimental verification specially at high energies.

Measuring the beam polarization In accelerators, the stable spin direction is normally vertical (up/down). We measure using a nuclear reaction in a plane that is perpendicular to the polarization direction. N L and N R are the number of scatters to the left and right. A: is the analyzing power of the reaction The statistical error in the measurement for PA << 1 is The polarimeter figure of merit (to optimize) is  A 2 u  : is the cross section of the reaction

Polarized beams at RHIC. OPPIS LINAC Booster AGS RHIC p/bunch, P ~65-70% 10∙10 11 (maximum 40∙10 11 ) polarized H - /pulse. 5∙10 11 polarized H - /pulse at 200 MeV, P=85-90% 2∙10 11 protons /pulse at 2.3 GeV Figure of merit for the double spin Asymmetry Collisions is ~ P 4 ∙L

Polarimetry at RHIC  Faraday rotation polarimeter  Lamb-shift polarimeter  200 MeV - absolute polarimeter  AGS p-Carbon CNI polarimeter  RHIC p-Carbon CNI polarimeter  RHIC - absolute H-jet polarimeter  Local polarimeters at STAR and PHENIX

SCHEMATIC LAYOUT OF THE RHIC OPPIS GHz ECR proton source 29.2 GHz ECR proton source SCS solenoid Probe laser Na-jet Ionizer cell Na-jet Ionizer cell Pumping laser Cryopumps Correction coil Sona-shield Rb-cell SCS -solenoid

Proton Lamb-shift polarimeter. H - → H + → H(2S) B=575 G La(10.2eV) nm H(2S) N + =N 0 (1+P) / 2 N - = N 0 (1-P) / 2 P=2 (N + -N - )/(N + +N - )

OPPIS Lamb-shift polarimeter. He-ionizer cell Na-cell, spin-filter and L  detector are placed inside the vacuum chamber.

Polarized injector, 200 MeV linac and injection lines. OPPIS 200 MeV polarimeter Polarization direction is adjusted vertically in the 750 keV beamline by the solenoidal spin - rotator.

Layout of the 200 MeV proton polarimeter, (2010) 16.2 deg

Polarimeters after the 200 MeV Linac p-Carbon and p-D polarimeters D-recoil arm 12 deg. Proton arms

Proton-Carbon Elastic Scattering at 200 MeV.

Measurements of the cross section and analyzing power for proton scattering from 12 C at 200 MeV. The blue (green) curves correspond to protons exiting from the ground (4.44-MeV) state. The black curve represents the sum of the two data sets. Edward J. Stephenson, 10/22/ deg ~40mb/sr ~5mb/sr ~80% Notes on the Calibration of the 200-MeV Proton Polarization

A y =99.96+/0.02%

elastic GEANT calculation of pC polarimeter for 200MeV proton beam inelastic E p =198.7MeV E p =194.3MeV

Detector and variable absorber setup for 200 MeV proton beam.

195.6 Mev Mev Counting rate (S1^S2) vs. Cu absorber thickness. ~20

Measured Analyzing Power vs length of absorber. A y (pC) =0.62+/-0.02

Measured Analyzing Power vs length of absorber Cu absorber thickness, mm A y (pC) =0.62+/-0.02 A y (pC) =0.620+/-0.005

LINAC energy measurements.  Energy measurement by calibrated bending magnet in the Linac HEBT.  Comparison with energy measurement in Booster.  Laser stripping.  Energy stability monitoring in the 200 MeV polarimeter.

Counting rate (S1^S2/S3) vs Cu absorber thickness Mev Mev ~12

Vertical detector Horizontal 12 0 detector Polarization vs current of the spin rotator.

80.85+/-0.09% /-0.019%

Summary. 1.Elastic proton-Carbon scattering (at 16.2 deg. angle) is used in a new polarimeter setup. Analyzing power at 200 MeV is 99.35%. 2.The elastic scattering is used for calibration of inclusive 12 deg. polarimeter arm: 3.Rate in 16 deg arms is ~ 10 event/pulse (12 deg ~300); 4. Ratio N(Sc1^Sc2)/N(Sc1^Sc3) is used for the beam energy monitoring. A y (pC) =0.620+/

Proton-Carbon CNI polarimeters in AGS and RHIC.

October 6-10, 2008 A.S. Belov, A. N. Zelenski, SPIN2008, USA BRAMS STAR PHENIX AGS LINAC BOOSTER Pol. H - ion source Spin Rotators 10-20% Snake Siberian Snakes 200 MeV polarimeter RHIC pC “CNI” polarimeters PHOBOS RHIC Absolute H-jet polarimeter Design goal - 70% Polarization, L max = 1.6  s -1 cm -2, 50  √s  500 GeV AGS pC “CNI” polarimeter Polarization facilities at RHIC. Polarimeters. 5.9% Snake

p-Carbon Polarimetry at RHIC Polarized proton Recoil carbon 90º in Lab frame Carbon target P beam Required Accuracy ~5%

the left – right scattering asymmetry A N arises from the interference of the spin non-flip amplitude with the spin flip amplitude (Schwinger) in absence of hadronic spin – flip contributions A N is exactly calculable (Kopeliovich & Lapidus): hadronic spin- flip modifies the QED “predictions” interpreted in terms of Pomeron spin – flip and parametrized as A N for Coulomb -Nuclear Interference.  1) p  pp had A N (t)

H ydrogen Gas Jet and Carbon Wire Targets. Gas Jet Target Carbon Wire Target Beam Cross Section  FWHM~1.8mm Average P ave Peak P peak

The target ladder.

New target motion mechanism.

Detector Setup Ultra thin Carbon ribbon Target (3.5  g/cm 2 ) Si strip detectors (TOF, E C ) 18cm 10mm 2mm pitch 12 strips 72 strips in total Redundancy  Systematic/Consistency Check Redundancy  Systematic/Consistency Check Detector port (inner view) SSD

Event Selection Carbon  400<E<900keV Very clean Carbon event extraction! 33

A N at Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) Region ? Reggen/Pomeron exchange zero hadronic spin-flip With hadronic spin-flip (E950) Phys.Rev.Lett.,89,052302(2002) pC Analyzing Power E beam = 21.7GeV ( High energy & small t limit ) E beam = 100 GeV unpublished Run04  9%

Polarization measurements in RHIC at 100 GeV. Polarization at 100 GeV in RHIC 60-65%.

May 3, 2011A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting APEX measurements May 3, 2011A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting56 Many measurements during short period of time No collisions, rotations, etc. Different targets in the same fill. Blue 2 Vertical Target 6 3 measurements

Polarization profiles, Run 2011

Very thin target, practically non-destructive. Very high rate. Very good signal/noise ratio. Delayed C-ion detection. Single bunch measurements. Remaining problems : Target alignment (Solved). Carbon strips are not straight. Target lifetime. P-CNI polarimeter can be an ideal wire-scanner. P-CNI polarimeter as a wire scanner. AGS and RHIC CNI polarimeters target mechanisms were upgraded for this Run.

Yellow, Vertical-15pi, Horiz-13 pi

AGS pol., during H-jet meas. at injection Intensity A AGS ~ A RHIC injection / 1.11

 Proton polarization measurements in AGS and RHIC at the beam energies GeV) are based on Proton- Carbon and Proton-Proton ( H-jet polarimeter) elastic scattering in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region.  The CNI polarimeters are the essential tools for polarized proton acceleration setup and operation and provide polarization values for RHIC experiments.  Polarimeter operation in the scanning mode also gives polarization profile and beam intensity profile (beam emittance) measurements. Bunch by bunch emittance measurements is a very powerful tool for the machine setup.

AGS polarimeter upgrade and Tune-jump system in Run2011.

RHIC: the “Polarized” Collider STAR PHENIX AGS, 24GeV LINAC BOOSTER, 2.5 GeV Pol. H - ion source Spin Rotators 20% Snake Siberian Snakes 200 MeV polarimeter RHIC pC “CNI” polarimeters RHIC Absolute H-jet polarimeter Design goal: P=70%, L max = 1.6  s -1 cm < √s < 500 GeV AGS pC “CNI” polarimeter 5% Snake Polarization facilities at RHIC. 20% snake

Tune jump system in AGS

72.7% Polarization measurement in AGS at 24 GeV. Polarization out of AGS 60-70%

Polarization at injection in RHIC with the Jump-Quads in operation.

16 February 2011Spin Meeting AGS CNI Polarimeter February 2011RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting67 1,8 - Hamamatsu, slow preamplifiers 2,3,6,7 - BNL, fast preamplifiers 4,5 - Hamamatsu, fast preamplifiers 3 different detector types: Run 2009: BNL, slow preamplifiers Larger length (50 cm ) Regular length (30 cm ) OuterInner

AGS Horiz. polarization profile, JQ-off time

AGS Horiz. polarization profile, JQ-on

Polarization measurements on the energy ramp in AGS.

Horizontal emittance, AGS intensity- 1.5*10^11

Vertical emittance, AGS intensity-1.5*10^11

Absolute H-jet polarimeter in RHIC.

October 6-10, 2008 A.S. Belov, A. N. Zelenski, SPIN2008, USA Spin filtering technique. Atomic Beam Sources. Hydrogen atoms with electron polarization: m J =+1/2 trajectories. Electron magnetic moment is 659 times Larger than proton :  e /  P ~659. Focusing strength: ~ (dB/dr)   e RF transition, polarization transfer from electrons to protons RHIC beam crossing Breit-Rabi polarimeter permanent magnet sextupole T gradient 5.7 T/cm

H-jet polarimeter. The H-jet polarimeter includes three major parts: polarized Atomic Beam source (ABS), scattering chamber, and Breit-Rabi polarimeter. The polarimeter axis is vertical and the recoil protons are detected in the horizontal plane. The common vacuum system is assembled from nine identical vacuum chambers, which provide nine stages of differential pumping. The system building block is a cylindrical vacuum chamber 50 cm in diameter and of 32 cm length with the four 20 cm (8.0”) ID pumping ports.

H-jet dissociator design. 65 cm Cooling multifoil copper straps. Window. Cold head, 42 K

Fix RHIC proton beam position (diameter  ~1mm). Move H-Jet-target system for every 1.5 mm step. Recoil detector can detect H-Jet-target ! Using RHIC-beam and Recoil detector Using 2.0 mm diameter compression tube Find the best collision point !

RHIC proton beam Forward scattered proton H-jet target recoil proton H-Jet polarimeter. P target is measured by Breit- Rabi Polarimeter <5% Elastic scattering: Interference between electromagnetic and hadronic amplitudes in the Coulumb-Nuclear Interference (CNI) region.

RHIC proton beam H-jet target IP12 recoil proton Si detectors (8cm  5cm)  3  L-R sides Strip runs along RHIC beam axis 1ch width = 4mm (400strips) Channel # relates to recoil angle  R, 5 mrad pitch. Each channel measures kinetic energy T R and TOF. L = 0.8 m

Ch#1  source for energy calibration 241 Am(5.486 MeV) How to identify elastic events ? proton beam Forward scattered proton proton target recoil proton Array of Si detectors measures T R & ToF of recoil particles. Channel # corresponds to recoil angle  R. 2 correlations (T R & ToF ) and (T R &  R )  the elastic process Ch#2Ch#3 Ch#4Ch#5 Ch#6 Ch#7Ch#8 Ch#9 Ch#10 Ch#11,12 Ch#13 Ch#14Ch#15 Ch#16 Ch#1-16 Ch#   R,  R big  T R big  fast protons RR Ch#1 #16

H-jet is an ideal polarimeter ! High (~4.5%) analyzing power in a wide energy range ( GeV). High event rate due to high intensity (~100 mA) circulated beam current in the storage ring (~6% statistical accuracy in one 8hrs. long fill). High polarized H-jet density in RHIC ABS. Non-destructive. No scattering for recoil protons. Clean elastic scattering event identification. Straightforward calibration with Breit-Rabi polarimeter. Most of the false asymmetries are cancelled out in the ratio: P beam =( 1/A)Beam asym / Target asym Problem. Polarization dilution by H 2, H 2 O and other residual gases. Largest source of systematic error.

H-Jet polarimeter: A N in pp 24 GeV: calculations with no hadronic spin flip amplitude contribution are not consistent with data 100 GeV: calculations with no hadronic spin flip amplitude contribution are consistent with data More data to come: 24 GeV: take more data in Run9/10 31 GeV: finalize analysis of data from Run6 250 GeV: take data in Run9/10 24 GeV 100 GeVPLB638, 450 Preliminary

250 GeV luminescence In H-jet

Blue vert. IPM measurement-16 pi. Blue vertical emittance measurement by luminescence monitor in the H-jet polarimeter.

H-jet polarization measurements, Run 2011 Blue- Blue ring Red- Yellow ring

Polarization measurements in RHIC with the H-jet polarimeter. P Target A PP P B A pC P B – beam polarization Exp.asymm.(pp) GeV beam energy. ± 5% absolute accuracy. Analyzing power measurement Exp.asymm.(pC) Measured to ±1% accuracy by the BRP and background evaluation.

RHIC local polarimeter

BRAHMS STAR PHENIX AGS LINAC BOOSTER Pol. H - ion source Spin Rotators 10-20% Snake Siberian Snakes 200 MeV polarimeter RHIC pC “CNI” polarimeters PHOBOS RHIC Absolute H-jet polarimeter AGS pC “CNI” polarimeter Polarization facilities at RHIC. “Siberian Snakes” 5.9% Snake E.Courant coined the “Siberian Snake” name

PHENIX Local Polarimeter Utilizes spin dependence of very forward neutron production (PLB650, 325): neutron charged particles ZDC (energy) + SMD (position) SMD ZDC

PHENIX local polarimeter

PHENIX Local Polarimeter BlueYellow BlueYellow BlueYellow Spin Rotators OFF Vertical polarization Spin Rotators ON Correct Current ! Longitudinal polarization! Spin Rotators ON Current Reversed Radial polarization Asymmetry vs φ Monitors spin direction in PHENIX collision region

STAR Local Polarimeter 3.3<|  |< 5.0 (small tiles only) Utilizes spin dependence of hadron production at high x F : Bunch-by-bunch (relative) polarization Monitors spin direction in STAR collision region Capable to precisely monitor polarization vs time in a fill, and bunch-by-bunch

Summary of RHIC polarimetry Source, Linac, AGS-injector polarimetrs. Hjet: Absolute polarization measurements Absolute normalization for other RHIC Polarimeters pC: Separate for blue and yellow beams Normalization from HJet Polarization vs. time in a fill Polarization profile Fill-by-fill polarizations for experiments PHENIX and STAR Local Polarimeters: Monitor spin direction (through transverse spin component) at collision Polarization vs time in a fill (for trans. pol. beams) Polarization vs bunch (for trans. pol. beams)