COVER CROP BENEFITS ON CLAYPAN SOILS Newell Kitchen USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit Columbia, MO Translating Missouri USDA-ARS.

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Presentation transcript:

COVER CROP BENEFITS ON CLAYPAN SOILS Newell Kitchen USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit Columbia, MO Translating Missouri USDA-ARS Research and Technology into Practice A training session provided by USDA-ARS-CSWQRU, October 2012, Columbia, MO

Why do we do cover crops?

We Need Cover! Cover: blanket, canopy, cloak, hood, layer, shield, overlay, veil, cap

Poorly-Drained Upland Soils are not Exempt

 Lost topsoil from erosion  Lost organic matter  Lost soil structure  Lower fertility What essential is “cover” when you’ve lost 60-90% of the function of that original soil?

How have we incorporated cover crops on the Precision Agriculture System (PAS)?

2005, 2007, 2009 Wheat Cover

2006, 2011 Cereal Rye

2007 Sudex (following wheat)

2008 Rye Grass

Grass/Legume/Brassica Mix

What benefits do we see with cover crops?

Mulch tillage, Corn-soybean rotation (MTCS) No-till, Corn-soybean-wheat rotation (NTCSW cover) Quickly shows reduced erosion

Improved Water Quality

What are the hidden below ground impacts of cover crops?

CRP (cool) CRP (warm) hay (cool & warm) Improved Water Infiltration

Improved Soil Aggregate Stability

Recovered Nitrogen after Drought

Changes in other Soil Quality Indicators Highlighted items are significantly different between samplings

Typical Positive Impacts from Cover Crops on Soil Physical Properties Increased soil organic matter Enhanced infiltration Enhanced aeration Improved soil structure/aggregation Decreased soil strength Preventive of soil compaction Reduced evaporation potential