URBAN REFORESTATION AS A STORMWATER MANAGEMENT TOOL GEOG591 Final Project By: Sophie Wilderotter, Tyler Tran, Casey Stern, Sarah Rhodes and Kaitlin Finan

INTRODUCTION Negative Impacts of Urbanization and Impervious Cover: Physical impacts: Increased velocity /volume of runoff, Flooding, Erosion of Stream Banks, Decline in Infiltration and Groundwater Recharge, Degradation of Riparian Zones Ecological Impacts: Contamination of water bodies by non-point source pollution can cause stress for aquatic organisms such as: hypoxia by nutrients (N &P), pathogen contamination of shellfish beds, physiological effects by toxic chemicals (Arnold and Gibbons, 1996)

A STORM-WATER MANAGEMENT TOOL: REFORESTATION Increased evapotranspiration Reduced runoff Potential tool for Carbon sequestration

STUDY OBJECTIVES (1)Quantify and characterize the tree cover, including the life form, extent of trees and LAI, in Chapel Hill and Carrboro, NC (2)Determine suitable regions for reforestation in Chapel Hill and Carrboro alongside roadways and sidewalks and areas of low LAI (3)Estimate the water balance change that would result from increasing tree cover in this region.

FLOW CHART Current Tree Extent (Sophie, Casey, Kaitlin) LAI Tree Type Potential for Reforestation (Sarah, Tyler) Land Cover Buffer Interception Water Balance Change (Everyone) Evapotranspiration 50 vs 100% of potential

STUDY SITE Municipalities of Chapel Hill and Carrboro combined 77.2 square kilometers Created a shape file of the outline of our study area

METHODS: LAI AND TREE EXTENT LAI from EVI and Dr. Song, Forests from NLCD Raster Calculator BL_LAI = (NLCD==41)*LAI CN_LAI = (NLCD==42)*LAI MX_LAI = (NLCD==43)*LAI

CONTINUED Weighted Average LAI by tree type in Excel Reclassification to find extent of Trees

TREE COVER EXTENT BY LAI Average LAI Results:  Conifer: 6.06  Deciduous: 8.32  Mixed: 6.64

RESULTS: TREE COVER EXTENT BY TREE TYPE Conifer= 6.3 km 2, 8.2% Deciduous= 11.9 km 2, 15.4% Mixed= 1.3 km 2, 1.7%

IMPERVIOUS, GRASS AND BARREN IN CHAPEL HILL/CARRBORO Cover TypeArea (m 2 ) Trees43,454,039 Water533,369 Impervious10,778,014 Buildings4,874,686 Grass7,743,444 Barren284,467 Potential for Tree Cover Expansion (Tyler and Sarah) Grass/barren land, parking lots, alongside streams, sidewalks not surrounded by impervious Using CH/Carrboro mask of South Orange Classification, we determined areas of barren land, impervious surface, and grass. Calculate proportion of these areas that would be appropriate for reforestation

POTENTIAL FOR REFORESTATION ALONGSIDE ROADS/SIDEWALKS Buffer Information: We created a 2m buffer surrounding impervious surfaces in CH/Carrboro, here is the area of the buffer covered by grass and barren: Grass: 2,120,780m 2 Barren: 28,914m 2 1.Area of impervious covered if broadleaved were to be planted in suitable areas around roads/sidewalks= (4.09m)*(1,074,847m)= 4,396,124.23m 2 interference area 2. Area of impervious covered if loblolly pines were to be planted in suitable areas around roads/sidewalks= (3.175)*( 1,074,847m)=3,412,639.23m 2 interference area

LAI DISCUSSION

Algal blooms campaign.jpghttp://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2011/10/peru-national-reforestation- campaign.jpg: planting woman REFERENCES