Care of Clients in Correctional Settings Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark 26 CHAPTER

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Health Care in Correctional Settings  Between 2 and 10 million people are in correctional system

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Health Needs Due to Vulnerability to health problems Potential for exploitation Constitutional right to health care

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Risk for Transmission of Communicable Diseases Within the correctional setting To the outside community

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Predisposition for Other Health Concerns Social isolation Boredomملل Stress Hostility Depression

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Nursing in Correctional Settings Focus on care to individuals and families Disease prevention Health promotion Recognition and treatment of disease and injury Counseling

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Advanced Nursing in Correctional Settings Focus on policy formulation and program development, implementation, and evaluation Supervision Management Clinical practice Program evaluation

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Biophysical Considerations Age and aging Gender and ethnic composition Existing health problems Pregnancy Immunization status

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Psychological Considerations Preexisting conditions –Drug and alcohol abuse –Mental illness PTSD –Women and juveniles ألاحداث Suicide

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Physical Environmental Considerations Confined spaces Poor ventilation Lack of temperature control Unsanitary conditions

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Sociocultural Considerations Socioeconomic factors Homelessness Family relationships Correctional culture Violence and abuse Security issues

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Behavioral Considerations Diet Substance abuse Exercise/recreational opportunities Sexual activity Medication use and dispensing الاستغناء practices

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Health System Considerations Funding for and organization of services Health promotion/illness prevention services

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Health System Considerations (continued) Medical/dental services –Minimal screening services Evidence of infectious disease Existing health problems Current medications Disabilities/limitations Suicide risk

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Health System Considerations (continued) Mental health services Emergency response capabilities Provisions for continuity of care

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Primary Prevention in Correctional Settings Health promotion –Adequate nutrition –Rest and exercise –Health education Self-care Risk factor modification –Prenatal care and contraception

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Illness Prevention Communicable disease prevention Suicide prevention Violence prevention

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Primary Prevention: Advocacy Availability of health promotion services Availability of illness/injury prevention services

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Secondary Prevention in Correctional Settings Screening Diagnostic services Treatment

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Screening Foci Identify and address health needs of inmates Pregnancy screening Promote early identification of key problems Identify and isolate potentially communicable inmates Pre-existing mental illness Specialized screening

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Diagnostic Services Medical conditions Mental illness

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Treatment Medications –TB treatment –HIV therapies Medical treatments –Chronic health conditions –Substance abuse/Mental health

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Treatment (continued) Emergency care Disaster care

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Tertiary Care in Correctional Settings Long-term care planning Reentry End-of-life care

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Long-term Care Planning Assistance by a personal care attendant Inmates السجناء with chronic conditions Provision of home care in general population Monitoring treatment compliance Transfer to appropriate facility as needed Adult day care services

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Reentry Planning Development of systematic discharge protocols Development of individual discharge plan and assistance with family reintegration as needed Provision for continuity of health care Arrange for a supply of necessary medications on discharge Arrangement for health insurance coverage Advocacy for prerelease الافراج planning, community infrastructure البنية التحتية to support reentry, and civil rights of released inmates

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. End-of-life Care Advanced directives Palliative care Compassionate release Referral to hospice care Inmates under sentence of death Advocacy for medical parole إطلاق سراح مشروط and arrangement for follow-up care

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Resources Incarcerated women HERSA website discussing the health status and health indicators of incarcerated women.Incarcerated women Journal of Correctional Health Care Peer reviewed Journal addresses areas such as clinical health care, health services and support, personnel and staffing, ethical issues, clinical services, medical records, continuous quality improvement, risk management and medical- legal issues. Clinical guidelines and position statements are published in the Journal.Journal of Correctional Health Care

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Resources Forensic Science Resource Center information center includes forensic science literature such as scientific publications, journals, magazines and articles authored by forensic professionals and those working in related disciplines; covering topics such as brain fingerprinting, condom trace evidence, forensic DNA, palynology, crime scene investigation, cyber- terrorism, forensic mapping, ballistics, voice identification, sexual assault, identity theft, digital forensics, and human trafficking.Forensic Science Resource Center

Community Health Nursing, 5/e Mary Jo Clark Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Resources New York Times Examines Prison Health A yearlong examination of Prison Health by The New York Times reveals repeated instances of medical care that has been flawed and sometimes lethal.New York Times Examines Prison Health