Clean Coal Technologies in Australia A Brief Overview of Research, Development and Demonstration John Carras Chairman – Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG Programme Technical Forum, 16 October 2007, Daejeon Korea

Australia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Australia emitted 559 M tonnes CO 2 equiv. (2005) Australia has not signed the Kyoto Protocol but has committed to the Kyoto target of a 108% increase over 1990 emissions (to 2012) – currently on track Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per capita) at ~27 tonnes CO 2 – equiv. per capita is among the highest in the world Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per $ of GDP) is 0.7 kg CO 2

Importance of Coal to Australia Black coal is Australia’s largest commodity export and is worth $25 billion (AUD) per annum Australia is the world’s largest exporter of coal Electricity generation accounts for ~35% of Australia’s net GHG emissions Australia’s electricity derives mainly from coal (57% black coal, 30% brown coal)

Australian Research Organisations in CCT Cooperative Research Centre for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD) Centre for Low Emission Technologies (cLET) Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) All above organisations are members of the Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG Programme Until 2006 there was also a CRC for Clean Power from Lignite

CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD) CCSD aims to optimise the contribution of coal to a sustainable future CCSD focuses on the three dimensions of sustainability Research Programs Economic, social and environmental assessment Current power generation Transitional power generation Future scenarios and technologies Ironmaking By products and waste Research Programs deliver outcomes that: Inform Strategic Decisions Improve Environmental Performance Understand Coal Performance in Technology

Centre for Low Emissions Technology (cLET) ‘…develop cost effective new clean coal technologies that, when combined with CO2 capture and storage, will dramatically reduce emissions…’ Research Program Areas Gasification and core facility Gas cleaning Gas processing Gas separation Social and economic integration Partners Queensland Government CSIRO Australian Coal Association Research Program Stanwell Corporation Tarong Energy Unioversity of Queensland

Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) CO2CRC focuses on carbon dioxide capture and geological storage Research Programs Storing CO 2 develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts in storage and/or usage costs Capturing C0 2 develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts (75- 80%) in capture cost. Demonstration Program and Regional CO 2 Strategies demonstrate through pilot projects that geosequestration or carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a viable option for CO2 mitigation under Australian conditions

Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) To research develop and demonstrate technologies that lead to safe sustainable production and utilisation of coal Broad research areas Underground Open cut Coal preparation Technical market support Greenhouse gas mitigation Mining and the community Coal producers pay 5 cents per tonne to fund ACARP

CSIRO Australia’s largest research organisation Portfolio of energy related research including Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, CCT) Renewables (solar, wind, biofuels) Energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors) Distributed energy Energy modelling Greenhouse gas mitigation

Clean Coal Technology Pilot and Demonstration Projects 1. IDGCC (HRL) 2. Monash Energy -Gasification/ GtL/ CSS 3. Stanwell IGCC/ CSS - ZeroGen Project 4. CS Energy Oxyfuel Project 5. International Power - Lignite Power Repowering, Drying and Capture 6. Gorgon 7. Zero Carbon - Fairview 8. CO2CRC Otway Basin Project 9. Kwinana Project 10. Latrobe Valley PCC Project 11. Moombah Carbon Storage 12. APP - Post Combustion Capture Project 13. APP - Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Project

IDGCC Technology - HRL Wet brown coal drying, gasification and power generation Proven at 10MW scale with power sent to grid Planned: 400MW demonstration project in Latrobe Valley (Vic) 30% lower CO2 50% lower water use compared with current best Latrobe Valley plant

Project  Latrobe Valley (Victoria) Brown Coal  Advanced coal drying  Gasification  Gas to Liquids  Carbon capture and storage Status  Currently undergoing design specification Partners  Anglo Coal – Shell Monash Energy

ZeroGen Clean Coal Demonstration Project Overview Zero Gen will investigate the viability of integrating coal based gasification and CCS to produce low emission baseload electricity. ZeroGen involves Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) MW gasifier storing approximately 320,00 tonnes CO2 per annum in saline reservoir The ZeroGen Demonstration Project Stanwell Corporation Limited (Stanwell) Queensland Government Shell

CS Energy - Callide Oxyfuel Project The Callide Oxyfuel Project is a retrofit to a 30 MWe coal-fired Unit in Central Queensland. Partners include CS Energy, Xstrata Coal, Australian Coal Association, IHI, Jcoal, JPower, Schlumberger, CCSD, CO2CRC, Commonwealth Gov (LETDF) The Project scope includes oxygen production (660 tpd), boiler refurbishment and oxy-fule retrofit (30 Mwe unit), CO2 compression and purification(100tpd), road transport and geological storage (50 to 75 tpd liquid CO2) Will operate for 5 years from late Project funding has been secured, and current work is focused on detailed engineering design and the development of project agreements.

Lignite Power Plant Repowering, Drying and Capture (International Power) $A 369 million total project costs ($A 80 million Govt funds) International Power Alstom (EPC contractor and combustion technology provider) RWE (Coal drying technology provider) Process Group (EPC contractor for CO 2 capture plant) CO2CRC (Technology support for CO 2 capture plant) 200 MW boiler retrofit in Latrobe Valley (1/8 of plant) Demonstrating RWE steam fluidised bed drying for 60% moisture lignite 100% firing of dried coal 25 tpd CO 2 post combustion capture

Gorgon Project Development of Greater Gorgon gas fields Two 5 million tonne per annum LNG trains CO2 separation from gas stream GHG management via injection of carbon dioxide into saline formations beneath Barrow Island 40year lifetime, 3million tonne per annum CO2 Joint Venture – Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell

Zero Carbon Power from Coal Seams- Fairview 100MW power station fuelled by coal seam methane from ECBM Capture and store 1/3 of carbon dioxide emissions per annum or 100,000 tpa. Project will demonstrate use of coal seams as a source of fuel for power generation Seams at 600m -1000m 10 year demonstration period Proponent is Fairview Power Pty Limited a wholly owned subsidiary of Santos Limited

Otway Basin Pilot Project – CO2CRC Project Most advanced project in Australia Injection, storage, monitoring and verification of 100,000 t CO 2 injected under Australian conditions Project being led by CO2CRC Progress Injection planned for late 2007 Storage of the CO 2 -rich gas in the Waarre C Formation at 2100m deep. Monitoring of the CO 2 migrating plume using a wide range of technologies.

Kwinana Project Kwinana hydrogen power project Gasification of sub-bituminous coal Gas separation with hydrogen providing 500MWe 4 Million tonne of CO2 per year to be captured, compressed transported and injected 2km below the surface into a saline formation Hydrogen Energy (BP and Rio Tinto)

Latrobe Valley Post Combustion Capture Project Focus is on the reduction of emissions from brown coal power stations Demonstrate carbon dioxide capture at operating power stations Project participants – Victorian Government, CO2CRC, Loy Yang Power, International Power, CSIRO

Moomba Carbon Storage Project Almost I billion tonnes of CO2 can be stored, overall 20 million tonnes CO2 per year to be injected Stage 1 – Demonstration program Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery process CO2 captured, transported and injected 1 million tonne CO2 per year injected Start in 2010 Proof of concept of large scale storage Subsequent stages will collect CO2 from east coast generators

Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (APP) Post Combustion Capture(PCC) Laboratory research and evaluation for sorbents and membrane development, and energy integration Pilot plant research and development – Australia and China (Mobile Pilot Plant) Project coordinator CSIRO

APP - ECBM ECBM field trials in Australia and China R&D Project Aim is to develop technologies to overcome coal swelling with CO2 adsorption Project Coordinators - CSIRO and JCOAL (Japan) Project to begin in early 2008

Summary There are a number of significant CCT projects scheduled in Australia and beginning over the next 5 years These projects will provide invaluable learnings in CCT and will highlight potential scale up issues Projects, in many cases, are partnerships between industry, government and researchers

Thank You John Carras Chairman – Australian Consortium of the IE GHG Programme