Soil Water Temperature Soil Water Biological Performance (abundance, growth, survival) Temperature Soil Water Light Low High 100% 75% 50% 25% 0 % Growth.

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Presentation transcript:

Soil Water Temperature Soil Water Biological Performance (abundance, growth, survival) Temperature Soil Water Light Low High 100% 75% 50% 25% 0 % Growth Figure 20.1 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

OakNorthern PineSpruce Annual Precipitation (mm) July Temperature ( o C) Figure 20.2 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Annual Precipitation (mm) Annual Mean Temperature (  C) Probability Of Occurrence Figure 20.3 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Shade Tolerance HighLow Drought Tolerance High Low Shade Tolerance HighLow Drought Tolerance High Low Decreasing Maximum Growth Rate Biomass Low High Soil Moisture Wet Dry Biomass Low High Soil Moisture Wet Dry Figure 20.4 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Oct-6331-Oct-6330-Nov Dec Jan Feb-6429-Mar Apr May Jun Jul-64 Number Of Main Roots Wheatgrass Cheatgrass SparseModerateDense Density Of Cheatgrass Number Of Survivors (per m 2 ) Height (cm) Density - June Density - October Height - June Maximum Root Length (cm) Wheatgrass 273 Cheatgrass Wheatgrass Cheatgrass Wheatgrass 136 Cheatgrass Wheatgrass Cheatgrass 273 Number Of Plants Figure 20.5 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Field B Field C Litter C:N Ratio Nitrogen Addition (g m -2 yr -1 ) Net Carbon Storage (g C g N -1 ) Fields B, C Nitrogen Addition (g m -2 yr -1 ) Field B Field C C 4 Biomass (%) Nitrogen Addition (g m -2 yr -1 ) Field B Field C Species Richness Nitrogen Addition (g m -2 yr -1 ) Figure 20.6 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Elevation (m) Percent Of Stand American beech Elevation (m) Percent Of Stand Yellow poplarYellow birchMountain silverbell Sugar mapleWhite basswoodYellow buckeye Figure 20.7 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Figure Elevation (m) Percent Of Stand Blackjack oakVirginia pine Pitch pine Scarlet oak Table mountain pine Chestnut oak Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

F B SF ROC CF P OH ROC OCF OCH P B, beech forest Xeric Dry Moderately dry Mesic Cold Moderately wet CF, cove forest F, Fraser fir forest HB GB OCH, chestnut oak-chestnut (dead) heath OH, oak-hickory forest P, pine forest and heath ROC, red oak-chestnut (dead) forest SF, spruce-fir forest OCF, chestnut oak-chestnut (dead) forest GB, grassy bald HB, heath bald H, hemlock forest OCH H H H OH SF 1981 m (6500 ft) 1676 m (5500 ft) Figure 20.9 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Species Rank Percent Of Stand Beech forest Cove forest Yellow buckeye Beech Mountain silverbell White basswood Sugar maple Yellow birch Hemlock Yellow buckeye Sweet birch Yellow birch Mtn silverbell White ash Striped maple Red maple Chestnut (dead) Figure Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Red Oak- Pignut Hickory Forest White Basswood Pitch Pine Heath Virginia Pine Forest Table Mountain Pine Heath Grassy Bald White Oak- Chestnut Forest Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Heath Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Forest Red Oak- Pignut Hickory Forest Cove Forests Hemlock Forest Beech Forest Mesic Type Sedge Type CovesFlatsDrawsSheltered Slopes Open SlopesRidges And Peaks CanyonsRavines MesicXeric Elevation (feet) Heath Bald Red Oak-Chestnut Forest Chestnut Oak Pitch Pine Heath Virginia Pine Forest Table Mountain Pine Heath Grassy Bald White Oak- Chestnut Forest Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Heath Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Forest Red Oak- Pignut Hickory Forest Cove Forests Hemlock Forest Beech Forest Mesic Type Sedge Type CovesFlatsDrawsSheltered Slopes Open SlopesRidges And Peaks CanyonsRavines MesicXeric Elevation (meters) Heath Bald Red Oak- Chestnut Forest Eastern Hemlock Pitch Pine Heath Virginia Pine Forest Table Mountain Pine Heath Grassy Bald White Oak- Chestnut Forest Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Heath Hemlock Forest Beech Forest Sedge Type CovesFlatsDrawsSheltered Slopes Open SlopesRidges And Peaks CanyonsRavines MesicXeric Elevation (feet) Heath Bald Red Oak-Chestnut Forest Pitch Pine Heath Virginia Pine Forest Table Mountain Pine Heath Grassy Bald White Oak- Chestnut Forest Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Heath Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Forest Red Oak- Pignut Hickory Forest Cove Forests Hemlock Forest Beech Forest Mesic Type Sedge Type CovesFlatsDrawsSheltered Slopes Open SlopesRidges And Peaks CanyonsRavines MesicXeric Elevation (meters) Heath Bald Red Oak-Chestnut Forest Red Maple Chestnut Oak- Chestnut Forest Cove Forests Mesic Type Figure Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan