Overview of the vaccinating protocols and difficulties in general medicine Dorottya Miklósi, Medical Student Coordinator: Dr. Constantin Martha Maria

Vaccines 1796, Edward Jenner inoculated an 8-year- old boy against smallpox and coined the term “vaccination” to describe what he had done Controversial topic nowadays The number of parents who have declined the vaccination of their child has increased

Why immunize? Diseases are becoming rare due to vaccinations Keep immunizing until disease is eliminated Japan reduced pertussis vaccinations, and an epidemic occurred We vaccinate to protect our future

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Contact with body fluids or blood Fever, headache, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pains,jaundice Chronic infections, cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis AirRespiratory events (cough, chest pain), night sweats Meningitis and other organ damage Diphtheria Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Air, direct contactSore throat, mild fever, difficulty breathing Heart failure, paralysis, pneumonia, death

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Tetanus Clostridium TetaniContamination of wounds Stiffness of neck and abdominal muscles, difficulty swallowing, muscle spasms, fever, sweating, increased blood pressure Bone fractures due to muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, death Pertussis Bordetella PertussisAir, direct contactSevere cough, feverPneumonia, seizures, brain damage, ear infections, death Poliomyelitis Polio VirusOralSore throat, fever, nausea Paralysis, death Hib Haemophilus Influenzae B Air, direct contactAppear when bacteria in blood Pneumonia, arthritis, death

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Rotavirus gastroenterit is RotavirusOralDiarrhea, fever, vomiting Severe diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal and hepatic impairment, death Pneumococc al disease Streptococcus Pneumoniae Air, direct contactPneumoniaSepticemia, meningitis, death Measles VirusAir, direct contactRash, fever, cough, runny nose Pneumonia, encephalitis, seizures, death

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Childhood Vaccines DiseaseCausePropagation modeSymptomsComplications Rubeola VirusAir, direct contactRash, fever, swollen glands, malaise Encephalitis, arthritis, hemorrhage, orchitis Epidemic parotidis (mumps) VirusAir, direct contactSwollen glands, fever, headaches, malaise, muscle pain Meningitis, encephalitis, inflammation of the testicles or ovaries, deafness

The Vaccine Schedule

Misconceptions

Misconception #1 Diseases had already begun to disappear before vaccines were introduced, because of better hygiene and sanitation

Misconception #2 Giving a child multiple vaccinations for different diseases at the same time increases the risk of harmful side effects and can overload the immune system

Misconception #3 Vaccines contain hazardous chemicals. Our childrean are poisoned

Misonception #4 Vaccines can trigger autism

Misconception #5 A dose of vaccine is sufficient

Stop to vaccines? Each year about 2.7 million measles deaths worldwide Eight countries where immunization coverage was reduced, incidence rates of pertussis surged to times the rates in countries where vaccination rates were sustained

Our research

Aim Investigate the vaccination protocols and the punctuality of their effectuation Common reasons that are making parents skeptical

Matherial and method Prospective study The patient material of the “Dr. Constantin Martha Maria” private practice September 2013 to March 2014 Data of 45 children processed

Matherial and method We analyzed the effectuation and the punctuality of the obligatory vaccinations due between the first 2-12 months If there were cases where the parents declined the vaccination, we inquired the motives of their refusal

Results

Misconceptions? 5 parents refused the vaccination 3 of the cases they feared the risk of complications from vaccines more than the complications from infections In one of the two remaining families they were skeptical about the effectiveness of the vaccines In the last case the parents refused to vaccinate the infants because they feared toxic ingredients

Delays? In several cases there was a delay in the effectuation of the vaccine Most of the times parents lacked proper knowledge and information Raise awareness

Informative material to parents

Conclusions Parents- suspicious Vaccines- greatest tools in the public health arsenal They offer the promise of protection against a variety of infectious diseases and they should be administered at the designated time

Thank You for Your attention!