AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY Darrell Ernst Gerhard Mayer February 2005

Introduction WRC Agenda Item 1.5 The Aeronautical Telemetering Community The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum The ICTS Position A Video about Flight Testing and Agenda Item 1.5

WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.5 consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3 GHz; review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the mobile service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand; consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into account considering d) above; designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand,

Future Data Rates “Prediction is hard, especially about the future” Data rate for one vehicle “Prediction is hard, especially about the future”

Implications for the Spectrum Bandwidth needed for one vehicle Current B/W Allocation = 215 Multiply data rate by efficiency factor for each modulation type: PCM/FM=2.4 Hz/bit Tier 1= 1.2 Hz/bit Tier 2= 0.8 Hz/bit

Sounding rocket launch sites Region 1 Kiruna, Sweden Formosa Bay, Kenya Coronie, Surinam Biscarosse, France Salto di Quirra, Sardinia Aberporth, Wales Zingst, Germany Emba, Kazakhstan Region 3 Anna Plains, Australia Chandapore, India Sonmiani, Pakistan Chiu Peng, Taiwan Shuang Chenghzi, China Changwon, S.Korea Malute, Pakistan Wake, Marshall Islands Region 2 Tortuguero, Puerto Rico Punta Lobos, Peru Ft.Yukon, Alaska Nanoose Bay, Canada Mar Chiquita, Argentina Wallops, USA Stromfjord, Greenland Poker Flat, Alaska

Science Missions Requiring Wideband TM Existing LEO-satellite data collection platforms only for narrow band data transmission (e.g. Argos, Orbcomm) available Onboard storage capacity limited by space and weight, data compression & reduction of science data onboard critical Data required on ground mostly in near-realtime Therefore: High-resolution science instruments, like imaging sensors, spectrometers, carried as Balloon, Sounding Rocket or UAV- payload need wideband telemetry links to fulfill their future missions

Telemetry Inevitable in Global Missions Platforms on balloon, sounding rocket and UAV required for In-situ-measurements & calibration of satellite and groundborne instruments Examples of important disciplines : Geophysics Atmosphere, Land , Sea, Ice Research Biology Animal behaviour & wildlife research Remote Medical Supervision patient monitoring e.g. at expeditions („bush telemetry“)

Science and Telemetry Goes Global… Local changes of environmental parameters have a world-wide impact Wide-area telemetry networks needed to collect data from e.g. remote field stations, balloons, buoys, sounding rockets, UAV Specific ranges for launching, science observations and data collection worldwide available

Electromagnetic Spectrum ICTS MISSION: To Ensure the Future Availability of Electromagnetic Spectrum for Telemetering

International Foundation for Telemetering Board of Directors ICTS Chair S. Lyons www.telemetry.org ICTS Secretary/Treasurer ICTS Vice Chair G. Mayer D. Holtmeyer Region I (Europe/Africa) Coordinator J. M. Berges Region II (Americas) Coordinator M. Ryan Region III (Asia) Coordinator V. Crouch vrcrouch@bold.net.au Region I Members Region II Members Region III Members

Aeronautical Telemetry Time for the Cinema! Aeronautical Telemetry

If it is ORANGE it is flight test measurement What is Telemetry? Telemetry : The process of measuring at a distance. Aeronautical telemetry: The process of making measurements on an aeronautical vehicle and sending those measurements to a distant location for analysis Vibrations Velocities Flows Pressures Temperatures If it is ORANGE it is flight test measurement

End Slide THANK YOU! Questions?

Current Band Allocations X=Permitted G=Government Only NG=Non-Government Only

Current Band Allocations (Concluded) X=Permitted G=Government Only NG=Non-Government Only

Spectrum Encroachment WARC 92 US Alternative BBA 97 2390 2350 2200 2250 2300 2200-2290 MHz: Unmanned 2360-2390 MHz: Manned 2200-2390 MHz: Manned and Unmanned Vehicle (S Band) Telemetry OBRA 93 BBA 97 WARC 92 1525 1500 1435 1460 1485 One A/C can easily use over 20MHz of spectrum for a single mission Terrestrial DAB (Canada), CARIBSS, MediaStar Spectrum Losses 2310-2360 MHz : 2385-2390 MHz: 1427-1435 MHz: OBRA 93, BBA 97 Principal TM Bands 1435-1525 MHz: Manned L Band Spectrum Encroachment 1452-1492 MHz: Terrestrial DAB (Canada), CARIBISS, MediaStar Add in all of the missions that must take place on a given day China Lake Edwards Point Mugu One F-15 mission used to take just 3 MHz of bandwidth Now they fly with 2 aircraft (6 MHz) Add in two to four ITVs (up to 8 MHz for a total of 14MHz) And video TM on at least one aircraft (for a total of 19 MHz) 1435-1525 MHz: Manned Vehicle (L Band) Telemetry

TELEMETERING APPLICATIONS The use of telemetry spectrum is common to many different nations and many purposes National defense Commercial aerospace industry Space applications Scientific research The primary telemetering applications represented by ICTS are Range and range support systems Land mobile Sea ranges Air ranges Space-based telemetry systems Meteorological telemetry

ICTS SOCIETAL MEMBERSHIP Aero-Sensing Aerospace and Flight Test Radio Coordination Council Aerospatiale Airbus Airbus Australian Department of Defence Boeing Company British Aerospace Dassault Aviation Eurocopter European Telemetering Standardization Committee French Department of Defense German Society of Telemetering IN SNEC MITRE Corporation National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) New Mexico State University Sandia National Laboratories SEE Spanish Department of Defense United Kingdom Department of Defence United States Department of Defense

Techniques for Mitigating Spectrum Growth Potential Gain Limitations Command Link Significant reduction of data quantities Receiver volume & power, duration of test Networking Reduce channel inefficiencies Destructive & short duration tests On-Board Processing Significant reduction of transmitted data Unexpected events Data Compression Potential to reduce amount of transmitted data Link layer compression has no advantage On-Board Recording Off-loading of data not needed real-time No data if platform does not return to ground intact Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Reduced flight data collection Validity and accuracy of M&S In-Band Telemetry No independent telemetry link Data link not always available Real Time Spectrum Management Efficient use of available spectrum Predictable behavior of algorithms has not been verified On-Board Test Engineer Reduce data transmission to ground Only feasible on large manned aircraft Directional Transmit Antenna Increased signal strength, spectrum reuse Volume, cost of antenna

that any spectrum allocated to the mobile service above 3 GHz (to include aeronautical telemetry) is not a substitution for existing allocations used for aeronautical telemetry purposes below 3 GHz, the requirement for which will continue, b) that the future technologies and performance expectations for airborne platforms contemplate a need for real-time monitoring of large data systems with multiple video streams (including high-definition video), high-definition sensors, and integrated high-speed avionics; c) that the 2000 Radiocommunication Assembly approved Question ITU-R 231/8, titled: "Operation of wideband aeronautical telemetry in bands above 3 GHz", with the target date of 2005; 3 consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into account considering d) above; c) that there is also a need to accommodate telecommand operations associated with aeronautical telemetry; d) that those studies will provide a basis for considering regulatory changes, including additional allocations and recommendations, designed to accommodate justified spectrum requirements of aeronautical mobile telemetry consistent with the protection of incumbent services, to conduct, as a matter of urgency, studies to facilitate sharing between aeronautical mobile telemetry and the associated telecommand, on the one hand, and existing services, on the other hand, taking into account the resolves above. a) that there is a need to provide global spectrum to the mobile service for wideband aeronautical telemetry systems; a) that a number of bands between 3 GHz and 30 GHz are already allocated to the mobile service, without excluding the aeronautical mobile service, on a secondary basis; a) that there are emerging telemetry systems with large data transfer requirements to support testing of commercial aircraft and other airframes; 1 consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3 GHz; 2 review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the mobile service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand; designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, b) that there is an identified need for additional spectrum required to meet future wideband aeronautical telemetry demands; Resolves that [WRC-07/a future competent conference] be invited to: Consideration of mobile allocations for use by wideband aeronautical The World Radiocommunication Conference (Geneva, 2003) that there is a need to protect existing services, ADD COM7/353/7 (B13/361/7) telemetry and associated telecommand RESOLUTION [COM7/5] (WRC-03) Considering Recognizing invites ITU-R Noting Res 230 AI 1.5