RENAISSANCE

Rafaello – The School of Athens Plato, Aristotle, Diogenés and other figures representing the ultimate wisdom of humankind

RENESANCE – FIND OUT! When does it begin and end? When does it begin and end? What does this word literally mean? What does this word literally mean? What country is considered the cradle of Renaissance? What country is considered the cradle of Renaissance? What other historical events are considered important in this era? What other historical events are considered important in this era? What Italian cities played an important role during Renaissance? What Italian cities played an important role during Renaissance? Which artist is regarded as the prototype of a Renaissance man? Which artist is regarded as the prototype of a Renaissance man? What is humanism? What is humanism? What invention helped spread the ideas of Renaissance? What invention helped spread the ideas of Renaissance?

TWO MOVEMENTS - TWO PATHS RENAISSANCE – HUMANISM RENAISSANCE – HUMANISM vs vs REFORMATION REFORMATION

TYPICAL FEATURES OF RENAISSANCE anthropocentrism anthropocentrism individualism individualism humanism humanism scientific basis of art scientific basis of art realism realism secularization secularization nacionalism nacionalism collecting collecting patronage patronage

Italian Renaissance and humanism

Return to Antiquity In the course of the 14 th century the Italian scholars and artists began to turn back to Antiquity for inspiration, especially to the art of the Imperial Rome. In the course of the 14 th century the Italian scholars and artists began to turn back to Antiquity for inspiration, especially to the art of the Imperial Rome. This new style of living was later referred to as Renaissance = rebirth, revival This new style of living was later referred to as Renaissance = rebirth, revival Renaissance = new perspective of the world and the role of the man in it Renaissance = new perspective of the world and the role of the man in it

The birth of Renaissance Renaissance is the period from 14th to 16th centuries, and which preceeds the period of Reformation. It originated in Italy and subsequently spread all across Europe. Renaissance is the period from 14th to 16th centuries, and which preceeds the period of Reformation. It originated in Italy and subsequently spread all across Europe. The Italian Renaissance connects the Western world with the classical knowledge. The Italian Renaissance connects the Western world with the classical knowledge. The learning also spread thanks to the invention of printing press (invented by Johannes Guttenberg, 1455) The learning also spread thanks to the invention of printing press (invented by Johannes Guttenberg, 1455) The Italian Renaissance is often marked as the beginning of the Modern Age The Italian Renaissance is often marked as the beginning of the Modern Age the term was first used by Giorgio Vasari v r the term was first used by Giorgio Vasari v r. 1550

The reasons for its rise in Italy gradual growth in trade and importance of the Italian cities – so-called: communes gradual growth in trade and importance of the Italian cities – so-called: communes they kept a reasonable independence of both the Emperor and the Pope, in spite of formally being a part of the Holy Roman Empire they kept a reasonable independence of both the Emperor and the Pope, in spite of formally being a part of the Holy Roman Empire domicile of the majority of originally rural gentry/ nobility (e.g. bankers – de Medici) domicile of the majority of originally rural gentry/ nobility (e.g. bankers – de Medici) different life style different life style advancement of art and architecture advancement of art and architecture political independence political independence the rise of a new kind of man! the rise of a new kind of man!

the Renaissance concept of the world the life of medieval man was centered around his faith in God the life of medieval man was centered around his faith in God the Renaissance man laid emphasis on human reason attempt to understand the world and its regularities attempt to understand the world and its regularities man (humanus) becomes the center of attention man (humanus) becomes the center of attention herefrom humanism = obráceni pozornosti k člověku herefrom humanism = obráceni pozornosti k člověku

Leonardo da Vinci ( ) this broadly talented artist is often regarded as the prototype of a Renaissance man this broadly talented artist is often regarded as the prototype of a Renaissance man he was simultaneously a painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, writer and musician he was simultaneously a painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, writer and musician

The Last Supper The Last Supper became the theme for an array of artists. The scene depicts Jesus Christ and the 12 disciples during dinner on the eve when Jesus was betrayed and arrested. Later cricified.

Mona Lisa – La Gioconda

Leonardo's inventions

Renaissance learning knowledge of languages – especially LATIN knowledge of languages – especially LATIN in the Middle Ages Latin was on the decline and was simplified in the Middle Ages Latin was on the decline and was simplified the humanists turned back to the original classical Latin through the copies of classical works the humanists turned back to the original classical Latin through the copies of classical works

Renaissance learning physics physics anatomy anatomy chemistry chemistry botany botany astronomy astronomy

Nicholas Copernicus occupied himself with astronomy and mathematics he proved that the Earth and the other planets run around the Sun tj. HELIOCENTRISM proved that the Earth spins around its own axis

Giordano Bruno also advocated the concept of heliocentrism he eventually came to believe that the space is endless and that it contains a countless number of suns/stars and planets came into a conflict with the public and the church in 1600 he was proclaimed a heretic and burned at a stake

Galileo Galilei sentences to be burned for similar ideas in the end he revoked his beliefs Galileo is believed to have uttered these words after he had saved himself from death :“…And yet, it spins!“ he invented a 30x zoom telescope

Fine Art search for beauty search for beauty loooking for some rules that would define the ideal beauty loooking for some rules that would define the ideal beauty the Italian cities became centers of art: the Italian cities became centers of art: Florence, Pisa, Venice a Rome Florence, Pisa, Venice a Rome

Florence

Sandro Botticelli THE BIRTH OF VENUS

Tizian the portrait of Emperor Charles V.

Michelangelo Buonarotti decorated the so-called Sistine Chapel in Vatican (Rome) with frescoes