Environmental Monitoring for Hydro-Power Generating Group Name: WG#1 Source: Kerry-Lynn Gauci, Inmarsat, Meeting Date: Agenda Item: TBC

Hydro-Power Generation Hydro Electrical plants have a critical requirement for accurate water flow rates in order to determine the amount of power they can generate. Upstream water catchment areas and snow stores must be monitored because weather forecasts are not accurate enough. These sensors are located in remote locations where there is no option other than satellite. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Why it is relevant There is increased demand: – Global climate change requires more accurate monitoring – Green energy applications are significantly effected by temperature, pressure, water levels and snow levels and seismic activity. Only satellite M2M supplies a communications infrastructure that can exist in the remote locations where these sensors need to reside. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

When it is used Hydro-Power Generation would require remote monitoring in two situations: – Where it needs to monitor the flow and supply of water to generate the power – Where it needs to understand the environmental impact hydro-electricity has on surrounding ecosystems for the storage of water and resulting change in natural flow. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Flow and Supply of Water Related to the regional climate: – Cold climates get their water supply from snow: Reservoirs are located in high locations and catchment areas cover extensive mountain regions snow levels, melting periods and supplies are inconsistent throughout the year. – Tropical areas get their water supply from downfalls during wet seasonal periods. Fundamental to hydro-power generation. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Environmental Impact Regulations are in place to ensure systems minimize impact on local environments. Close monitoring and reporting is done on: – Soil salinity – Water levels – Fish stock levels – Erosion. Not critical for power generation but required historically for trend analysis. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

What it is triggered by There are two triggers that initiate information being sent through satellite M2M: – Constant Polling – Conditional Polling. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Constant Polling The hydro operator can set sensor polling rates for real-time or historical data for trending analysis. Polling rates depend on: – the rate of change in environmental conditions – how often data is required to make a decision on flow rates through the penstock. Rates are constant. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Conditional Polling The remote terminal unit (RTU) can send back data to the host based on: – specified events – sharp rise in water levels – temperature – any specific data. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

How it works © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Satellite Communication For environmental monitoring, satellite communication must: – Report in real-time (less than 1 second round trip time) for power generating water flow sensors (flow and supply of water) – Report in near real-time for non-power generating sensors (environmental impact). © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Communication Service For environmental monitoring, the satellite communication service must: – Operate in a satellite band that is not affected by weather (rain and snow) – Work over a secure IP data service – Have reliability between 99.5% and 99.9%. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

Satellite Terminals For environmental monitoring, satellite terminals must: – Operate over a large thermal dynamic range – Have high ingress protection – Operate on extremely low power – Integrate into multiple and differing RTUs – Support RS-232/RS-422 serial ports A terminal server can be used for IP only satellite terminals at the cost of additional power/complexity. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ

More Terminal Considerations When IP based RTUs are required, satellite IP only terminals must contain an Ethernet port. Where RS-232/RS-422 serial ports are needed a terminal server must be used at a cost of additional power and complexity. RTU and Satellite terminal shall: – Support both UDP and TCP. UDP is the preferred protocol for SCADA networks to reduce total traffic. – Note: Reliability usually provided by TCP is provided by application and satellite layers. © 2013 oneM2M Partners) oneM2M-REQ

oneM2M Considerations Hydro-Power Generation requires M2M for remote monitoring of sensors for water flow and environmental impact analysis. Satellite M2M can meet their requirements of: – High availability – Security – Remote location of sensors – Ruggedized exteriors – A lower power usage than traditional satellite. © 2013 oneM2M Partners oneM2M-REQ