THE HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES EDUCATION

CAN ANYONE GIVE ME A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE HISTORY OF PHILIPPINES EDUCATION ? QUESTION

PRE-HISPANIC The education of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos was fit for the needs of their times. There was no formal schooling. Parents trained their children informally. Mothers educated their female children in housekeeping, weaving, basket-making and other agriculture-related activities. Fathers trained their male children in hunting, carpentry, agriculture, shipbuilding and mining. Skills taught would vary on their industries and locations, i.e., whether highland, lowlands or along seashores. Education was oral, practical and hands-on

ALIBATA Alibata is an ancient writing system that was used in what is now the Philippines. Although it was all but extinguished by Western colonization,variants of it are still used in parts of Mindoro and Palawan, and it is also increasingly used by Filipino youth as a way to express their identity.Mindoro

While controlled by colonial rule for several years, once the Philippines gained their independence they took over control of the educational system and began to move it in their own direction. Children in the Philippines are educated in the primary and secondary school systems for about thirteen to fourteen years, depending on when they start, after which they complete the College Entrance Examinations, that allow them to qualify for one of the many institutions of higher learning. There are both private and public schools in the Philippines, and on the whole the education provided by the private schools is much more comprehensive than that provided by the public school system. In fact, the Philippines was home to the first modern public schooling system in Asia. It is also home to the oldest universities, colleges, and vocational schools. Education has been a priority in the Philippines for decades, and this is evidenced in the fact that many of the advancements in education in Asia have been pioneered in the Philippines.

During the Pre-Spanish period, education was still decentralized. Children were provided more vocational training but lesser academics, which were headed by their parents or by their tribal tutors. They used a unique system of writing known as the baybayin.baybayin Pre-Spanish P eriod BAYBAYIN  The term Baybay literally means "to spell“ in Tagalog.Tagalog  It also known as the alibata, were in it is the ancient writing system that was used before by the Filipinos.

The pre-Spanish system of education underwent major changes during the Spanish colonization The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries TRIBAL TUTORS  Education was informal and unstructured.  Children were provided with vocational training and less academics by parents and houses of tribal tutors SPANISH MISSIONARIES  education was “religion-centered”  education for the elite only  Spanish is compulsory  Boys and girls school are separated  Inadequate, suppressed and controlled

SPANISH When the Spanish first arrived in the Philippines, education of the indigenous people was mainly viewed as the duty of religious organizations. Parish friars put forth great effort to teach the indigenous people to read believing that literacy was the key to better lifestyles. EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH REGIME

The Friars establish parochial schools linked with Churches to teach catechism to the natives. Education was manage, supervised, and controlled By the friars. Spanish education played a major role in that transformation. The oldest universities, colleges, universitiescolleges vocational schoolsvocational schools and the first modern public education public education system in Asia were created during the colonial periodAsia The focus of education during the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines wasSpanish Colonization of the Philippines mainly religious education. The Catholic doctrine schools that were set up initially became parochial schools which taught reading and writing along with catechism

The Spanish missionaries established schools immediately after reaching the islands. The Augustinians opened a school in Cebu in 1565.AugustiniansCebu The Franciscans, in 1577, immediately took to the task of teaching improving literacy, aside from the teaching of new industrial and agricultural techniques.Franciscans Jesuits followed in 1581 Jesuits The Dominicans in 1587, which they started a school in their first mission at Bataan.DominicansBataan

In 1863, an educational decree mandated the establishment of free primary schools in each town, one for boys and one for girls, with the precise number of schools depending on the size of the population. There were 3 grades: entrada, acenso, and termino. The curriculum required the study of Christian doctrine, values and history as well as reading and writing in Spanish, mathematics, agriculture, etiquette, singing, world geography, and Spanish history. Girls were also taught sewing. The decree also provided for a normal school run by the Jesuits to educate male teachers in Manila. Normal schools for women teachers were not established untilManila 1875, in Nueva Caceres.Nueva Caceres Despite the Decree of 1863, basic education in the Philippines remained inadequate for the rest of the Spanish period. Often, there were not enough schools built. Teachers tended to use corporal punishment.

After the Spanish colonial government was overthrown, the schools established during the Spanish era were closed down for a time by Emilio Aguinaldo’s government.Emilio Aguinaldo The Malolos Constitution made elementary education compulsory and provided for free schooling. The Universidad Literaria de Filipinas, which provided courses in law, medicine, surgery, pharmacy, and notarianship, was established by Aguinaldo on 19 October He also set up the Military Academy of Malolos and decreed that all diplomas awarded by UST after 1898 be considered null and void.Malolos ConstitutionUniversidad Literaria de FilipinasMilitary Academy of Malolos The curricula of schools were not much different from those under Spanish domination. While Tagalogwas established as the national language by the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, reading, writing and literary studies in Spanish were still given emphasis.TagalogConstitution of Biak-na-Bato

QUESTION WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR US TO GO BACK AND RECALL AND THE PAST EDUCATION OF THE PHILIPPINES ? It give us not only a glimpse of the past but also what we could learn from it. History of Education will help you to understand how the past events shaped the present education systems, theories and related phenomenon in the area of teacher education in particular and education in general. Secondly, it will enable you to appreciate the importance of education to mankind since time immemorial across the generations.

WHAT COULD BE THE BENEFITS THAT US FUTURE TEACHER THAT MAY HAVE AFTER STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES ? QUESTION

1. The study of history of education helps teachers in training to appreciate the various aspects of their past educational process so as to link them to the present; 2. It enables teachers in training to know what type of education we had and the purpose it served in the past; 3. It gives teachers in training the opportunity of knowing our past mistakes in our education with the view to making necessary amends; 4. History of education gives teachers in training the opportunity of studying other people’s educational ideas and programmes with the aim of developing ours; 5. It also gives teachers in training a solid foundation to plan for our present and future educational development; 6. History of education guides teachers in training to proffer some positive solution to our present day educational problems 7. It helps teachers in training to understand some major trends and developments in our educational system; 8. It helps teachers in training to formulate and implement better philosophies of education; 9. History of education is a good academic exercise to improve teachers in training knowledge; 10.It widens the scope and knowledge of the teacher and makes him more comfortable and competent in his class

PREPARED BY: LOREIN MAY F. PABILONA BTTE-ADT IV-D