 Plasma (Cell) Membrane  Function: Surrounds cell Allows only specific things things in and out (homeostasis)  Fact: Selectively permeable – allows water and nutrients to in, waste out Made of phospholipids  Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

 Cell Wall  Function: Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra support and protection  Fact: Made of cellulose in plants  Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes (plants) 1. Cell membrane 2. Cell wall

 Specialized structures only found in eukaryotic cells  Each organelle has a specific function that is necessary to the life of the cell

 Nucleus  Function: Controls the organelles Contains DNA – gives instructions for making proteins  Fact: “Command center” or “brain” of the cell Most prominent structure  Found in: Eukaryotes Nucleus

 Chromatin  Function: Stringy DNA that contains all the genes of an individual  Fact: Condenses to make Chromosomes in nucleus  Found in: Eukaryotes CHROMOSOME

 Nucleolus  Function: Makes ribosomes  Fact: Found inside the nucleus  Found in: Eukaryotes Nucleolus

 Ribosomes  Function: Uses information in DNA to make proteins  Fact: Made of RNA Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER  Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Ribosomes

 Nuclear Envelope/Membrane  Function: Controls what enters/exits the nucleus  Fact: Surrounds the nucleus  Found in: Eukaryotes

 Centrioles  Function: Involved in cell reproduction – makes sure each new cell has all DNA  Fact: Made from microtubules 2 are paired at right angles  Found in: Eukaryotes (animal cells)

 Cytoplasm  Function: Suspends/holds organelles Site of chemical reactions  Fact: Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol  Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)  Function: Produces proteins  Fact: Covered with ribosomes Sends proteins to Golgi to be modified Helps moves molecules throughout cell  Found in: Eukaryotes

 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)  Function: Produces lipids (steroids) Detoxifies poisons  Fact: Sends lipids to Golgi to be modified Helps move molecules throughout the cell  Found in: Eukaryotes

 Golgi Apparatus  Function: Processes, packs, and releases proteins and lipids Sends products to appropriate destination inside/outside cell using vesicles  Fact: Works closely with ER Flattened stack of membranes  Found in: Eukaryotes Golgi

 Proteins made by the Rough ER get sent to the Golgi Apparatus by vesicles (bubbles)  Golgi modifies the proteins & sends the updated proteins to the cell membrane by vesicles  The vesicles turn inside-out and release proteins outside cell

 Vacuole  Function: Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs  Fact: Helps maintain homeostasis  Found in: Eukaryotes (plants have a LARGE vacuole) Vacuole

 Lysosomes  Function: Uses enzymes to digest old organelles and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses)  Fact: “Suicide sacs”  Found in: Eukaryotes Lysosome

 Chloroplast  Function: Capture light and convert it to chemical energy (sugar) during photosynthesis  Fact: Glucose (sugar) is made  Found in: Eukaryotes (plants) Chloroplast

Mitochondria  Mitochondria  Function: Breaks down food into ATP energy during cellular respiration  Fact: “Powerhouse” of the cell  Found in: Eukaryotes

 Cytoskeleton  Function: Maintains the shape & supports the cell  Fact: Made of microfilaments & microtubules Found throughout the cytoplasm  Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Microtubules

 Cilia  Function: Movement of cells or fluids  Fact: Made from microtubules Short hair-like fibers  Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

 Flagella  Function: Movement of cells  Fact: Long hair-like fibers  Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Flagella Cilia Cell Song

 Animal Cell  Plant Cell

 Have centrioles  No chloroplasts  No cell walls Cell Video  Do not have centrioles  Have chloroplasts  Have cell walls Animal Cells Plant Cells