The Origins of Greek Theater Thespis: The First Actor EVER! (In the Western World)

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Presentation transcript:

The Origins of Greek Theater Thespis: The First Actor EVER! (In the Western World)

Sophocles made several innovations to Greek Drama Human rather than religious concerns Human rather than religious concerns Intro of 3 rd actor Intro of 3 rd actor Larger chorus (from 12 to 15) Larger chorus (from 12 to 15) Painted sets Painted sets Some strong female roles Some strong female roles Sophocles: born in 496BC, died in 406BC!

The Function of the Greek Chorus Divided the scenes Divided the scenes Represented the common viewpoint Represented the common viewpoint Represented the conscience of the protagonist/devil’s advocate Represented the conscience of the protagonist/devil’s advocate Danced, sang, chanted - got the audience involved Danced, sang, chanted - got the audience involved Choragos: Leader of the chorus Choragos: Leader of the chorus

6 th Century BC (535BC – Debut of Thespis) City States (Athens, Thebes, Sparta, Corinth) City States (Athens, Thebes, Sparta, Corinth) Festival of Dionysos (god of partying) Festival of Dionysos (god of partying) Dramatists submitted 3 plays and 1 satyr (short comedy) Dramatists submitted 3 plays and 1 satyr (short comedy) Funded by private and public money Funded by private and public money All could attend (but mostly men) All could attend (but mostly men) Foreign dignitaries invited Foreign dignitaries invited Audience is active, even aggressive Audience is active, even aggressive Sparse, only most necessary details included - sets up later questions Sparse, only most necessary details included - sets up later questions

Ancient Greek Theaters Amphitheaters - outdoors Amphitheaters - outdoors Could seat up to 14,000 people Could seat up to 14,000 people Built on hillsides, spectacular views Built on hillsides, spectacular views Great acoustics Great acoustics Skene – building behind stage (dressing room) painting as backdrop Skene – building behind stage (dressing room) painting as backdrop Orchestra – below stage, where chorus danced Orchestra – below stage, where chorus danced

Staging of Plays Festival of Dionysos (god of wine and fertility) Festival of Dionysos (god of wine and fertility) Prologue – established conflict, exposition Prologue – established conflict, exposition Parodos – entrance of chorus Parodos – entrance of chorus 4 scenes – build up and resolve conflict 4 scenes – build up and resolve conflict Scenes separated by Odes or Stasimon (strophes and antistrophes) by chorus Scenes separated by Odes or Stasimon (strophes and antistrophes) by chorus Exodos -resolution Exodos -resolution

Staging Continued Actors wore giant masks with funnel mouthpieces Actors wore giant masks with funnel mouthpieces They wore platform shoes They wore platform shoes Stories based on myths/legends Stories based on myths/legends No violence on stage – only reports of it No violence on stage – only reports of it Cranes brought in ghosts or gods Cranes brought in ghosts or gods

The Oedipus Trilogy by Sophocles Written: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus Written: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus Chronology: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone Chronology: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone

Terms and Definitions Tragic Flaw: Character flaw that brings about the demise of a character Tragic Flaw: Character flaw that brings about the demise of a character Literary Foil: Mirror image. A character with opposite traits to the protagonist, or one with similar traits. Literary Foil: Mirror image. A character with opposite traits to the protagonist, or one with similar traits. Situational Irony: The opposite of what we expect happens Situational Irony: The opposite of what we expect happens Dramatic Irony: Audience knows what character does not know Dramatic Irony: Audience knows what character does not know Decorum: Proper behavior and dress in literature and plays Decorum: Proper behavior and dress in literature and plays Hamartia: Archery term for missing of the mark – error that causes downfall Hamartia: Archery term for missing of the mark – error that causes downfall

Roles of Women Subservient to men Subservient to men Victims and innocent bystanders Victims and innocent bystanders To be seen and not heard To be seen and not heard In change of the home, kids, and slaves In change of the home, kids, and slaves Necessary for procreation, but not fit for intellectual companionship Necessary for procreation, but not fit for intellectual companionship Considered the property of men Considered the property of men

Athens in the Ancient Greek World Golden Age: 479 to 404 BC Golden Age: 479 to 404 BC Defeated the Persians in 479 BC Defeated the Persians in 479 BC Fell to Sparta in 404 BC Fell to Sparta in 404 BC Democracy was born here Democracy was born here Athletics was important Athletics was important Art flourished Art flourished Science thrived Science thrived Philosophy ruled Philosophy ruled Athens was a beacon of civilization. Many of our modern western ideas about government, literature and the arts, and science came from here. Athens was a beacon of civilization. Many of our modern western ideas about government, literature and the arts, and science came from here.