Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy

-When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually performed as a religious ceremony in competition with each other to what god? - This is the god of what? -What gender, specifically, was allowed to participate in the plays? Greek Tragedy Background

Structure of Greek Tragedy  Prologue - the opening scene - the background of the story is established, usually by a single actor or in a dialogue between two actors.  Parodos - the entrance of the chorus, usually chanting a lyric which bears some relation to the main theme of the play.  Episode – the counterpart of the modern act or scene - the plot is developed through action and dialogue between the actors, with the chorus sometimes playing a minor role.

Structure of Greek Tragedy  Stasimon- the choral ode. A stasimon comes at the end of each episode so that the tragedy is a measured alternation between these two elements.  Exodos- the final action after the last Stasimon, ended by the ceremonial exit of all the players.

Elements of Tragedy:  The subject is serious.  The tragic hero is pitted against forces beyond his or her control.  The tragic hero makes decisions that lead to a “no-win” situation.

Aristotle’s Definition of Tragic Figure  The character must be a person of noble birth.  The character must be neither totally good nor totally evil.  An error of judgment or a weakness in the character causes the misfortune.  The character must be responsible for the tragic events.  Action involves a change in fortune from happiness to misery.

Exploration of the tragic hero 1. Tragedy arouses the emotions of pity and fear, wonder and awe. Two purposes: 1. The reader turns his thoughts inward to ponder their own fate 2. The reader is moved to consider momentarily the fate of all human beings. 2. A tragic hero must be a man or woman of capable of great suffering. (usually kings, queens, or nobles) 3. Tragedy explores the question of the ways of God to man. (Why do people suffer?) 4 Tragedy purifies the emotions. (Catharsis- emotional release is the climax of the play) 5. Tragedy shows how man is brought to disaster by a single flaw in his own character. (The Tragic flaw)

 Chorus- consists of twelve to fifteen elders (men)  Choragos- the leader of the chorus  Ode- indicates the end of a scene - also used to provide the chorus’s response to the proceeding scene.  Lyric Poem- verse which focuses on emotions and thoughts The Chorus

The Three Functions of the Chorus: 1. To provide background information for YOU- the audience! 2. To talk and give advice to the main characters! 3. To interpret important events that occur in drama

Greek Theatre

Parts of the Theatre  Theatron - the area in which the audience sat. It was shaped like a horseshoe and had rows of stone seats rising upward and backward in tiers. In the first row were stone thrones for the principal citizens and the priest of Dionysus.  Orchestra - The circular area at ground level which was enclosed on three sides by the u- shaped theatron.  Thymele - an altar to Dionysus on which sacrifices were made and which was sometimes used as a stage prop during plays.

Parts of the Theatre, Continued  Parodos - entrance passage  Skene - a wooden structure, the dressing room  Proscenium - the level area in front of the skene on which most of the play's action took place  Eccyclema - a wheeled platform which was rolled out of the skene to reveal a tableau of action that had taken place indoors (mainly scenes of violence )

(Thymele)

A. Theatron-audience B. Orchestra- where the actors and chorus perform C. Altar-for Dionysos (god of wine and fertility) D. Skene-dressing room E. Proskenion-side of the skene that acts as a backdrop F. Parados-entrance to the theater

Sample Greek Theatre Masks

Sophocles  B.C.  considered the greatest of the ancient Greek playwrights  Sophocles was known for his musical, poetic, and dramatic talents  At the age of seventeen, he was the choragos, or chorus leader, in a dramatic celebration of Greece's victory over Persia

Sophocles, Cont.  When he was twenty eight, he caused a sensation by winning first prize for tragedy at the festival of Dionysus, defeating Aeschylus, the leading playwright of the day.  Over the next sixty-two years, Sophocles went on to win twenty- four first prizes and seven second prizes in thirty-one competitions--the best record of any Greek playwright.

Sophocles, Cont.  wrote more than one hundred and twenty tragedies, of which only seven survive today  His plays always contain a moral lesson-- usually a caution against pride and religious indifference.  also a great technical innovator: He added a third actor to Aeschylus's original two, introduced painted sets, and expanded the size of the chorus to fifteen.

Sophocles, Cont.  Sophocles wrote the three tragedies about King Oedipus of Thebes and his family over a forty-year period  began with the third part of the story, Antigone, first performed in 442 B.C  Twelve years later, Sophocles backtracked and wrote the first part of the story, Oedipus the King.  The last year of his life Sophocles wrote the middle segment, Oedipus at Colonus.

The Oedipus Myth  Characters and Terms: King Laios Queen Jocasta Thebes Oracle at Delphi Oedipus Corinth Sphinx Chorus Choragos

The Oedipus Myth  Characters and Terms, Cont. Polyneices Eteocles Antigone Ismene Creon Teiresias Haimon Eurydice Sentry

Map of Corinth

Map of the Mediterranean

Antigone’s Family Tree