Ms. Jerome
Without the Nile, Egypt would be a baron desert. Its waters flooded annually It soaked the land with life-giving water and deposited a layer of rich silt (fine clay, carried by running water, saturated with nutrients) Flooding was PREDICTABLE! The Nile flows south to north! Why is this very significant for the development of Egypt?
Ancient Egypt had 2 distinct regions, Upper (the South) and Lower Egypt (the North). They were divided at the first cataract (waterfall)
DELTA
King Menes: credited with unifying upper and lower Egypt at about 3100 b.c.e. Built a central government Ruled by the pharaoh – Menes being the first A pharaoh is a god living on earth Egypt operated under the rule of a pharaoh and his bureaucracy—system of gov’t that includes departments and levels of authority. As in Mesopotamia—most Egyptians were peasants, or poor farmers
Old Declined due to crop failures, power struggles and competing groups around Egypt After a century of disunity, the new pharaohs reunited the land, ushering in a new era known as the Middle Kingdom Middle 1938—1630 Era of great turbulence0 Much corruption and rebellion Nile Delta became under temporary rule of foreign invaders known as Hyksos – horse drawn war chariots were dominant (later adopted by Egyptians) New After more than 100 years of Hyksos rule, new Egyptian leaders arose and established the New Kingdom
Began during the Old Kingdom ( b.c.e.) Tombs and shrines to pharaohs
Hatshepsut: the first female ruler 1472 b.c.e. to 1458 b.c.e. Established trade in the Mediterranean lands Thutmose III took over as pharaoh (stepson). A great military general Thutmose III expanded the empire to its greatest reaches Ramses II ruled for 66 years form 1279 to 1213.
After 1100 b.c.e. Egyptian power slowly declined Invaders such as Assyrians and Persians conquered the Nile region In 332 b.c.e. the Egyptian dynasty ended as the Greeks took control In 30 b.c.e. Roman armies displaced the Greeks
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