Topic: Characteristics of Living Things

Introduction to Life Science What are the characteristics of living things?

BIOLOGY =__________________ = ________________ Study of living things Bacteria The science of “LIFE”

It’s Alive!

Characteristics of Life? Look around the room. There are many living and non-living things, such as lights and books. There are many living things such as people. What makes people and plants different from lights and books?

1.______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5.______________________________ 6. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________ Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS Organization= Made of specialized cells. Grow and develop Maintain a stable internal environment Reproduce Obtain and use materials & energy Respond to their environment

LIVING THINGS ARE: The _____ is the ______________. basic unit of life CELL

...Are Composed of Cells Cells are the basic components of all living things. Some organisms are single celled, like bacteria, or multi-celled, like humans. This is a single-celled organism called an amoeba.

1. Organization-have _______________ of cells with _____________________. Ex: one-celled and single celled Image from: DIFFERENT KINDS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

LIVING THINGS ____________organisms are _____________ made of only 1 cell Image from: (Ex: _________) UNICELLULAR bacteria

LIVING THINGS _________________ organisms _______ as _________ but as adults are _________________________ Ex: (___________ __________ ) MADE OF MANY CELLS Images from: MULTICELLULAR BEGINONE CELL a human a tree

The ________________ EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs = __________________________ DIFFERENTIATION Image from: PROCESS OF CHANGING

In _____________ organisms, like a bacterium, growth is mostly a simple ________________. Image by Riedell ALL LIVING THINGS 2. Grow & develop INCREASE in SIZE SINGLE CELLED

Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________. increasing cell size increasing cell number Image from: Image by Riedell ALL LIVING THINGS 2. Grow & develop

_________________________ what makes them ___________ is _______________ are _______________________ See end of show for image sources All cells have the SAME DNA... WHICH GENES TURNED ON or OFF different

ALL LIVING THINGS 3. Reproduce Living things make more of their own kind.

ALL LIVING THINGS 3. Reproduce ____________ ____________ _____________the ___________________ from _____________ ________________ Seen in animals and plants SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Family image from: combines sperm + egg = baby genetic material 2 parents

___________ ______________ makes a new organism using the ________________ from _________________ Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Planaria animation: ALL LIVING THINGS 3. Reproduce genetic material ONLY 1 PARENT

ALL LIVING THINGS 4. Take in Materials & Use Energy To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of ____________________ & _________They get it through eating (Food). This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGY in the food it eats to make “more sheep” grow and develop need BUILDING MATERIALS ENERGY!

ALL LIVING THINGS 4. Take in Materials & Use Energy ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________ Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________ AUTOTROPHS Image from: make their own food GREEN PLANTS sunlight photosynthesis glucose

ALL LIVING THINGS 4. Take in Materials & Use Energy ______________ get their energy by ___________________ Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________ HETEROTROPHS Image from: consuming other organisms Animals most bacteria

ALL LIVING THINGS 5. Respond to their environment A signal to which an organism responds = ___________________ STIMULUS Image from:

ALL LIVING THINGS 5. Respond to their environment A stimulus can be _________________ Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward. Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up. EXTERNAL Image from:

ALL LIVING THINGS 5. Respond to their environment A stimulus can be ____________ Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry. INTERNAL

ALL LIVING THINGS 6. Homeostasis Keep conditions inside the cell constant = ______________________ IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much... the cell will die. HOMEOSTASIS

6. HOMEOSTASIS involves internal __________ mechanisms If body temp drops too low, “shivering” produces heat to warm you up. If temp is too hot, “sweating” cools you down. FEEDBACK

6. HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount of water in your body Your next stop gets rid of the excess water. (OSMOREGULATION)

Metabolism & Energy Use

1.______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5.______________________________ 6. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________ Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS Organization= Made of cells. Grow and develop Maintain a stable internal environment Reproduce Obtain and use materials & energy Respond to their environment

Living or Non-Living? LIVING!

Living or Non-Living? LIVING!

Living or Non-Living? LIVING!

Living or Non-Living? NON- LIVING!

Vocab word the combination of all the _________________ through which an organism ________ or ___________ materials as it carries out its life processes = ___________________ metabolism chemical reactions builds up breaks down

Living or Non-Living? LIVING!

Living or Non-Living? LIVING!

Living or Non-living In order for an organism to be considered living. It must contain all of the characteristics of a living thing.

Living or Non-Living? LIVING!

Living or Non-Living? LIVING! Bacteria

ALL LIVING THINGS as a group, change over time = ______________ Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________ EVOLUTION survival species changing world

It’s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you.

All living things share a universal genetic code Hereditary material = DNA ______________________ ________________ with instructions for one _________ is called a ________. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID GENE Image from: Segment of DNA PROTEIN