CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Overview of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Instructor: Joseph DiVerdi, Ph.D., M.B.A.

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC HTML Explained Document Structuring Language Hyperlink Specification Language Not a Document-Layout Language Defines Syntax & Placement of Markup Tags –Special, Embedded Directions –That are not displayed by a Browser –Tell Browser how to display document contents Including Text, Images, & other Media –Tells how to make Interactive Documents Through special Hypertext Links –Which connect many documents

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Hypertext Explained A Method of Presenting Information Selected Word or Words in The Text –Can Be Expanded at Any Time To provide additional information about the words –These words are links to other documents May contain text, images, & other media Hypertext Arose Simultaneously with Mouse –We often think hypertext & point-and-click are synonymous But they are not There are other means of selection –They just aren't well developed

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Markup Explained Information Added to a Document –Intended to Enhance its Meaning –Identified Parts & How They Relate to Each Other –Usually Encoded as Symbols Markup Language –Set of Symbols Placed in a Document To Demarcate & Label Parts of the Document

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC TEXTWITHOUTMARKUP GOODSENSEISOFALLTHINGSINTHEWORL DTHEMOSTEQUALLYDISTRIBUTEDFOREV ERYONETHINKSHIMSELFSOABUNDANTLY PROVIDEDWITHITTHATEVENTHOSEMOST DIFFICULTTOPLEASEINALLOTHERMATTE RSDONOTCOMMONLYDESIREMOREOFIT THANTHEYALREADYPOSSESSRENÉDESC ARTES FRENCHPHILOSOPHER

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC TEXT WITH SPACES GOOD SENSE IS OF ALL THINGS IN THE WORLD THE MOST EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED FOR EVERYONE THINKS HIMSELF SO ABUNDANTLY PROVIDED WITH IT THAT EVEN THOSE MOST DIFFICULT TO PLEASE IN ALL OTHER MATTERS DO NOT COMMONLY DESIRE MORE OF IT THAN THEY ALREADY POSSESS RENÉ DESCARTES FRENCH PHILOSOPHER

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC TEXT WITH PUNCTUATION GOOD SENSE IS OF ALL THINGS IN THE WORLD THE MOST EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED, FOR EVERYONE THINKS HIMSELF SO ABUNDANTLY PROVIDED WITH IT, THAT EVEN THOSE MOST DIFFICULT TO PLEASE IN ALL OTHER MATTERS DO NOT COMMONLY DESIRE MORE OF IT THAN THEY ALREADY POSSESS. RENÉ DESCARTES ( ) FRENCH PHILOSOPHER

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Text With Case Good sense is of all things in the world the most equally distributed, for everyone thinks himself so abundantly provided with it, that even those most difficult to please in all other matters do not commonly desire more of it than they already possess. René Descartes (1596–1650) French Philosopher

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC TEXTWITHOUTMARKUP GOODSENSEISOFALLTHINGSINTHEWORL DTHEMOSTEQUALLYDISTRIBUTEDFOREV ERYONETHINKSHIMSELFSOABUNDANTLY PROVIDEDWITHITTHATEVENTHOSEMOST DIFFICULTTOPLEASEINALLOTHERMATTE RSDONOTCOMMONLYDESIREMOREOFIT THANTHEYALREADYPOSSESSRENÉDESC ARTES FRENCHPHILOSOPHER

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Unmarked Italian BENVENUTITUTTIALLAMIANUOVAPAGINA WEBLHOMIGLIORATAEDAGGIORNATASP EROCHEANCHEAVOIPIACCIACOMESEMP RESEAVETEQUALSIASICONSIGLIODOMA NDAOSUGGERIMENTOSCRIVETEMIPERPI ACEREMIPIACEREBBEASCOLTARLITUTTI MILLEGRAZIE

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CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Markup Needed Important in Electronic Documents –Processed by Computer Programs –Human are Relatively Smart When Compared to Computers Robotics example –Computer Hand & Arm Given a Simple Task Pick up three wooden cubes –One red, one green, & one blue Create a stack with the red cube on top, blue on bottom What would you do? Document Processing is Much More Difficult

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC HTML Explained Again HTML is for Marking Up a Document –For Transmission over the Internet –For Rendering or Viewing with a Browser –Sequence of Words Partitioned into Paragraphs, Sections, & Chapters Comprising a Human-Readable Record Book, Article, or Essay With Included Images and/or Other Media HTML has Proven Enormously Successful –For Certain Type of Documents –There are Many Other Document Types

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Document Type Examples Structured Story or Article Business Financial Data Database Structure Abstract Molecular Structure Supermarket Inventory Stock Item Genealogical Relationship Tree Structure Structured Human Resources Data Musical Score Abstract Structure of an Equation

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Document Structures The Term Document –Goes Far Beyond a Sequence of Words Sharing Text Documents –Using HTML & the Internet Has Been Sooooo Successful –Let's Share Other Kinds of Documents Other Document Structures –Fit into HTML Structure Rules With Varying Degrees of Success Some Fit Better than Others Many are a Poor Fit

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Document Structure Human Data Users –Are an annoying lot As soon as we see some interesting data –We want to manipulate it in some natural way

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Molecular Structure "Can I rotate this molecule to see it from other views?"

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Musical Structure "How would that score sound if it would be transposed into G#?"

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Financial Data "How would the forecast change if we doubled the Marketing Budget?"

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Interoperability Today, Those Questions are Answerable – On a Local Computer Purchase an Application Install it on Your Desktop Computer Have Fun Applications are in Infancy With Regard to Answering These Questions on The Web

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Interoperability One of the Critical Issues to Success –Development of Data Package Formats Suitable for Internet Transmission Suitable for Storage Able to Store & Organize Any Form of Information Based on Open Standard –Not Tied to the Fortunes of Any Single Company –Not Married to Any Particular Software Easily Combined with Stylesheets –To Create Formatted Documents

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC XML Explained A Protocol to Define Markup Languages –Use XML to create a Markup Language You & your friends can create a Markup Language –For your particular kind of shared data –DickML & JaneML –Create Documents Using the Markup Language –Create Applications to Process Marked Up Docs –Create Applications to Display Document Content –Create Applications to Display Content as HTML Because there are so many Web Browsers in use

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC XML Goals Application Specific Markup Languages –Different Kinds of Documents May Require Different Kinds of Markup Unambiguous Document Structure –No Two Ways to Interpret Names, Order & Hierarchy of Document Elements Presentation Stored Separately –Markup Names Precisely Reflect Items' Purpose –Presentation Stored as Stylesheet Repurpose Document Using Different Stylesheets Document Content isn't Cluttered with Style Vocabulary

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC XML Goals Keep It Simple –Authoring a Document Shouldn't be Hard –Process Programs are also Made Easy Maximal Error Checking –Adherence to Syntax Standards is Required Well-Formed is the Minimum Standard –Element Names Spelled Correctly –Element Boundaries Closed Correctly Durability & Utility of Document is Assured

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Creating XML Documents As with HTML, Available Tools Range from –Plain Text Editor U-Type-It –Smart Text Editor Permits Tag Customizing –XML Editor Performs Structure Checking –High End XML Editor Spiffy Graphical Interface

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC Viewing XML Specialized Rendering Programs –Chemical Markup Language - Jumbo Using HTML Browser –Explorer, Opera, or Mozilla See "A Tale of Two Browsers" for Interesting Details Using HTML Browser with Stylesheet –Cascading Style Sheet or –Extensible Stylesheet Language CSS on Steroids

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC XML Validation Several Levels of Validation –Well-Formedness Through Full Validation –"My uncle is pregnant." is Well-Formed Broken Markup Adherence to Stated Document Type Definition Adherence to State Document Model Contextual Mistakes –Mostly Available as Downloadable Applications –On-Line Validators Exist Now

CSU - DCE Introduction to XML XML Overview - Fort Collins, CO Copyright © XTR Systems, LLC XML Transformation Convert One XML Application to Another –XML to XHTML for Browser Viewing Perform Content Filtering –Retain Select Items –Generate Document Summary –Total Checkbook Expenditures Requires XSLT –Extensible Style Language for Transformations Create Transformation Instructions with XSLT Use Transformation Engine to Process