Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment By: Megan Davies, Phillip Dougherty, and John Kinkead

Empiricism ( pg 527) What? It was part of the scientific revolution This was during the sixteenth and seventeenth century So what? Empiricism was the theory that all knowledge originates in the experience; the practice of relying on direct observation of events and experience for determining reality John Kinkead

Humanism (439) What? This was supported by men such as Boccaccio and Petrarch Was the central motivating philosophy of the Renaissance So What? the term which was applied to the intellectual movement initiated in western Europe in the fourteenth century. John Kinkead

Enlightened Despotism (535) What? A ruler who used this system was Fredrick II the great of Prussia also Catharine II of Russia Taxes were reasonable agriculture and handicraft was encouraged freedom of speech and religion was allowed and lastly the military was strengthened in result of all this a powerful empire was formed So What? a form of government where the ruler has absolute rights over his or her subjects, but uses this power for their benefit John Kinkead

Concordat (545) What? Napoleon had a Concordat with the pope. So What? a public agreement, subject to international law, between the pope as head of Roman Catholic Church and a temporal ruler regulating the status, rights, and liberties of Church within the country concerned John Kinkead

Important Places London= Start of Industrial Revolution, Chartist movement, equal rights Paris= Revolutions, labor unions, worker revolts Rome= Start of Renaissance, spread to the rest of Europe Germany= Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, Bismarck John Kinkead

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Key Leaders: Thomas Hobbes Political Philosopher, he wrote Leviathan which said to limit the power of the king In “State of Nature” Hobbes said that people need leaders so that they will not be in chaos, this is known as the social contract PD

Key Leaders: John Locke Believed in the social contract like Hobbes Locke believed how ever that “equal right that every man hath to his natural freedom, without being subjected to the will or authority of any other man”. He also believed that a government should be ruled by the majority The most important thing that he believed in was that property and private profit were what government should encourage people to do 524 PD

Key Leaders: Napoleon Created the Code Napoleon, which allowed for equality in laws and said that people can go into any profession they wanted to He also allowed all religions the same rights and brought said that the pope can have control over the Roman Catholic church Napoleon then sought to spread the principles of the French revolution to others through conquering them thus creating an empire, and the Napoleonic wars PD

Key Leaders: Karl Marx Created the Communist Manifesto, this book called for a a worker led revolution Proletariats or the labor classes should rise up and become the ruling classes because the workers are the ones that keep the nations going PD

Time Line (455) DateWhat happened?Significance? 1789 (France)Tennis Court OathWhen the third estate told the king they wanted a new constitution and would have a revolution to get one. (led to the French revolution) (France)Second French RevolutionRevolt of the poor, everyone wanted to have equal rights 1804 (France)Napoleon becomes EmperorSpreads the principles of the French revolutions to other countries 1820 (Britain)Chartist MovementChartist movement for men's suffrage, men get the right to vote 1848 (Europe)Communist ManifestoA book by Marx, saying that socialism is the only good form of government 1884 (France)Labor UnionsLabor Unions in France are legalized

Question 1 Question: How was the Medici family the “father family” of the renaissance? Answer: –They sponsored many new artists and flourishing peoples in Florence (the capital city of the Renaissance) –Their reign lasted many years, providing many years of patronage. MD

Question 2 Question: How did the views of Locke and Hobbs affect the Enlightenment? Answer: –Locke: created idea of a strong democracy ruled by the will of the people and a voluntary government- allegiance to the king is based on how well they are treated –Hobbs: created “social contract” and believed that the government was to serve the people MD

Question 3 Question: Why did Europe shift towards capitalism? Answer: –1. It offers profit, education, motivation, and growth of the middle class –2. Unlike mercantilism/feudalism which gives the government the wealth, the profit goes to the people. MD

Question 4 Question: How was the Church involved in the Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment? Answer: –Renaissance: disliked pursuit of personal profit, and personal business. –Reformation: Martin Luther and John Calvin taught new forms of religion, besides the powerful and big Catholic Church. The Church, being outraged with these new reforms brought along the Counter-Revolution –Enlightenment: Led by the philosophes that were deist, which means that they taught human reason over the authority of the Church. MD