NHTSA AACN Activities Stephen Ridella Human Injury Research Division Office of Vehicle Safety Research Stephen Ridella Human Injury Research Division Office of Vehicle Safety Research

2 Outline 2. NHTSA and NHTSA/CDC AACN Work 3. EDR Rule and Analysis 5. AACN Scorecard/Next Steps 1. Overview 4. Injury Prediction Algorithms

3 Overview

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5 If you are severely injured, care at a Level I trauma center lowers the risk of death by 25%. McKenzie, et. al. NEJM, 2006

6 Getting from Crash to Trauma Center nFinding the car nNotifying nAppropriate EMS response –Getting the right people there nTriage –Getting the right patient to the right hospital nCare and transport nDesignated trauma centers nConsistent communication essential nFinding the car nNotifying nAppropriate EMS response –Getting the right people there nTriage –Getting the right patient to the right hospital nCare and transport nDesignated trauma centers nConsistent communication essential

7 Getting from Crash to Trauma Center Early Notification EMS and Trauma System Designated trauma centers Early Notification EMS and Trauma System Designated trauma centers

8 NHTSA Historical AACN Work

9 nACN Field Operational Test ( ) –Purpose Establish EMS response times relative to time of crash Determine if ACN information can reduce those times –System Description Outfitted 700 vehicles with ACN system GPS, crash sensor and embedded cell phone Basic injury algorithm based on delta-V and PDOF Ran vehicles in Erie County, PA for nearly 3 years –Results 15 ACN crashes during study PSAP notified within 1 minute of crash Some system failures and false positives due to system issues nACN Field Operational Test ( ) –Purpose Establish EMS response times relative to time of crash Determine if ACN information can reduce those times –System Description Outfitted 700 vehicles with ACN system GPS, crash sensor and embedded cell phone Basic injury algorithm based on delta-V and PDOF Ran vehicles in Erie County, PA for nearly 3 years –Results 15 ACN crashes during study PSAP notified within 1 minute of crash Some system failures and false positives due to system issues

10 NHTSA/CDC AACN Work

11 NHTSA/CDC AACN Work “Vehicle telematics consistent with high risk of injury” Field Triage Decision Scheme

12 NHTSA/CDC AACN Work

13 Advanced Automatic Crash Notification n Critical information helpful to dispatch, respond and triage an injured occupant to final destination –Velocity change of vehicle –Principle Direction of Force –Seat belt usage –Crash with multiple impacts –Vehicle type –Voice (GCS proxy) nInformation can be collected in vehicle EDR for transmission n Critical information helpful to dispatch, respond and triage an injured occupant to final destination –Velocity change of vehicle –Principle Direction of Force –Seat belt usage –Crash with multiple impacts –Vehicle type –Voice (GCS proxy) nInformation can be collected in vehicle EDR for transmission

14 Event Data Recorders (EDRs) nNHTSA published a final rule on August 28, 2006 regulating Event Data Recorders (EDR)  Did not mandate EDRs  Established uniform set of criteria for EDRs voluntarily installed in vehicles  Applied to vehicles with GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less manufactured after September 1, 2010  Required standardized statement in owners manual to notify consumers that vehicle is equipped with EDR and outlining its functions  NHTSA published its response to petitions for reconsideration in a final rule on January 14, 2008  Effective date of rule is Sept. 1, 2012 nNHTSA published a final rule on August 28, 2006 regulating Event Data Recorders (EDR)  Did not mandate EDRs  Established uniform set of criteria for EDRs voluntarily installed in vehicles  Applied to vehicles with GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less manufactured after September 1, 2010  Required standardized statement in owners manual to notify consumers that vehicle is equipped with EDR and outlining its functions  NHTSA published its response to petitions for reconsideration in a final rule on January 14, 2008  Effective date of rule is Sept. 1, 2012

15 NHTSA EDR Rule

16 NHTSA EDR Rule

17 NHTSA EDR Analysis nNHTSA has over 3000 Cases (NASS-CDS) of crashes with EDR data (mostly GM vehicles) nAnalysis to date –Compared EDR data to standardized crashes of similar vehicles –Compared EDR delta-V to delta-V from reconstructions –New contract to investigate recent ( ) crashes relative to injury prediction with various vehicle crash data attributes besides delta-V nNHTSA has over 3000 Cases (NASS-CDS) of crashes with EDR data (mostly GM vehicles) nAnalysis to date –Compared EDR data to standardized crashes of similar vehicles –Compared EDR delta-V to delta-V from reconstructions –New contract to investigate recent ( ) crashes relative to injury prediction with various vehicle crash data attributes besides delta-V

18 Triage Application: DV to Predict ISS

19 Injury Prediction Algorithms nUrgency Algorithm (NHTSA funded) –Champion et al. studied criteria for recognizing time critical injuries at the crash scene –Malliaris et al. (1997) developed relationships between crash attributes and injuries based on Champion data –Augenstein (2001, 2005) made subsequent improvements to algorithm –Urgency predicts probability of AIS 3+ or fatalities using vehicle crash and occupant data (delta-V, peak crush, occupant gender, occupant age, entrapment, vehicle weight, etc.) nIt is worthwhile to note that Urgency is based on retrospective analysis of crash data nUrgency Algorithm (NHTSA funded) –Champion et al. studied criteria for recognizing time critical injuries at the crash scene –Malliaris et al. (1997) developed relationships between crash attributes and injuries based on Champion data –Augenstein (2001, 2005) made subsequent improvements to algorithm –Urgency predicts probability of AIS 3+ or fatalities using vehicle crash and occupant data (delta-V, peak crush, occupant gender, occupant age, entrapment, vehicle weight, etc.) nIt is worthwhile to note that Urgency is based on retrospective analysis of crash data

20 AACN Scorecard nACN and AACN systems have been installed in vehicles since Other companies have expressed interest. nGM and BMW have announced that the have injury prediction algorithms to alert PSAP of probability of a serious injury. To date, the systems are: nACN and AACN systems have been installed in vehicles since Other companies have expressed interest. nGM and BMW have announced that the have injury prediction algorithms to alert PSAP of probability of a serious injury. To date, the systems are:

21 AACN Scorecard : BMW example

22 AACN : Next Steps nAACN data can be used to predict injury severity, conveyed to EMS services and trauma centers, and integrated into the field triage process. nCDC and NHTSA –Working together to create awareness –Meeting with industry to solicit cooperation –Determining course of action relative to Expert Panel Recommendations –Determining benefits nAACN data can be used to predict injury severity, conveyed to EMS services and trauma centers, and integrated into the field triage process. nCDC and NHTSA –Working together to create awareness –Meeting with industry to solicit cooperation –Determining course of action relative to Expert Panel Recommendations –Determining benefits

23 AACN nShows promise in improving outcomes in severely injured crash patients by: –Predicting the likelihood of serious injury –Decreasing response time –Assisting with field triage decisions –Decreasing time to trauma center –Decreasing death and disability nShows promise in improving outcomes in severely injured crash patients by: –Predicting the likelihood of serious injury –Decreasing response time –Assisting with field triage decisions –Decreasing time to trauma center –Decreasing death and disability

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