Kennedy and the Johnson Years Chapter

Section 1 Kennedy and the Cold War A. Election of 1960 – First time candidates born in 1900’s – Kennedy- rich family Nixon- poorer family – Both served in WWII – Both served in Congress and the Senate – Kennedy was Catholic – Nixon VP under Eisenhower

B. Election Debates make a difference – Kennedy looks confident and tan – Nixon looks nervous and sweaty Kennedy also took Illinois and Texas – Mob in Illinois – Lyndon B. Johnson won him Texas Very close election- within 120,000 votes

C. New Cold War Strategies Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba Must fix the “missile gap” Must win in the 3 rd world- peace corps, economic help Must have a “flexible response” – EX. Green Berets Alliance for Progress? – Tried to fix relationship with Central and South America

D. Bay of Pigs Castro closely allied with Khrushchev and Soviet Union Bay of Pigs Invasion- trained Cuban exiles try to overthrow Castro Disaster People did not rise up and support rebellion 1,400 invaders killed or capture U.S. did not try to evacuate them

E. Cuban Missile Crisis Castro allows Soviets to put missile into Cuba October 1962, U.S. U2 spy plane spots them 13 days the world is at a standstill as U.S. blockades Cuba and demands removal of missiles Agreement is made: – 1. – 2. – 3.

F. Berlin Khrushchev wants control of West Berlin – Stop flow of East German workers to the west Kennedy refuses The Berlin wall is constructed to separate East and West Berlin GkbiY GkbiY

Section 2 Kennedy’s New Frontier A. New Frontier Program Wanted to reform society, but more concerned with foreign policy Put young, energetic people in advisor positions to get things done Congress did not pass much of his reform programs Minimum wage- $1.00 to $1.25 Urban Renewal- 5 billion to fix inner city housing Didn’t get much else done- fight poverty, fix economy, create jobs fail

B. New Space Program New we were losing space race Yuri Gagarin- first cosmonaut in space Increased space budget and education of sciences and math Alan Shepard? John Glen? 25 billion to put man on moon before end of 1960’s July 16 th, Apollo 11- Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on moon

C. Kennedy Assassination Nov , JFK assassinated in Dallas Lee Harvey Oswald lone gunman Conspiracy theory- did Oswald act alone Many witnesses believed gunman on grassy knoll Zapruder film- caught on film Warren Commission- investigated murder Magic bullet- 1 bullet- seven wounds

Section 3 Johnson’s Great Society A. LBJ was sworn in after Kennedy assassination Texan was very influential when he was a Congressman Good at building coalitions and getting things done across party lines

B. Kennedy Legacy LBJ continued Kennedy’s New Frontier programs, but hoped to add his own. Got Civil Rights Act passed in 1964 Declared War on poverty- spending billions to help the poor Economic Opportunity Act created job corps to train and find jobs for people in poverty

C. Election of 1964 Johnson only had a year of Kennedy’s presidency, but did so much, he received the nomination Defeated conservative Barry Goldwater

D. Great Society Great Society programs focused on ending all U.S. problems Medicaid Medicare Elementary and Secondary Education Act Water Quality Act Clean Water Restoration Act Motor Vehicle Safety Act

Immigration and Nationality Act of alter quota system to let more people in Legacy- did a lot of good – Lowered unemployment – Helped economy – Better healthcare – Better education

E. Warren Court Most Liberal Court in history Upheld most of Civil Right legislation Baker v. Carr- one man one vote Mapp v. Ohio- evidence must be obtained legally Gideon v. Wainwright- right to a lawyer Miranda v. Arizona- informed of rights

Engel v. Vitale- school required prayers Abington v. Schempp- Bible readings in Public schools unconstitutional Much controversy