NEPTUNE Canada Hydrothermal Experiments at Main Endeavour: Status Report Dave Butterfield, Univ. of Washington and NOAA/PMEL Marv Lilley, University of Washington School of Oceanography Glickson et al., 2006

Outline Motivation Motivation Background Background Current Experiments and Results Current Experiments and Results Focus on RAS and BARS Focus on RAS and BARS What We Need What We Need Future Possibilities Future Possibilities

Why hydrothermal time-series? Variability of environment and flux unknown Variability of environment and flux unknown Impact of change on biological communities Impact of change on biological communities Variation in mineral formation processes Variation in mineral formation processes Linkage between tectonic, volcanic, hydrothermal and hydrological processes Linkage between tectonic, volcanic, hydrothermal and hydrological processes Cabled observatories may be the only way to answer these questions Cabled observatories may be the only way to answer these questions

Feb 22 to Mar Feb 22 to Mar EQ/hr histogram EQ/hr histogram Borehole pressure Borehole pressure Mothra diffuse vent temperature Mothra diffuse vent temperature Hooft et al Fall AGU E flank P increase MV axis P decrease

Change in T and composition associated with Feb 2005 EQs

50% BCPre-1987 Lava CL Lava MA GO ASHES Key * Numbers inside symbols denote year EI GR SM HU % 55% 60% 70% South Field North Field Axial Seamount Main Endeavour 75% 60% 55% 60% Variation Between Vents Similarity groupings based on Microbial Community Structure (tRFLP)

BARS Sensor Tip

October 2010 BARS Temp and Tidal Pressure (variation from mean plotted)

Tidal Modulation of Grotto Black Smoker Temperature

Power Spectrum for BARS Temperature 12.4 hr 24.8 hr 3-4day BARS Temperature shows strong semi-diurnal tidal signal plus weak 3-4day

BARS T vs N-S Current Amplitude October 2010

Power spectrum for BARS T(red) and NS Current (blue)

October 2010 RAS Temperature and Tidal Pressure (variation from mean plotted)

Power Spectrum for RAS Temperature October hr 24.8 hr 5.3 d 2.7 d RAS Temp shows semi-diurnal tidal signal plus strong 3- 5day

Mn correlates well with T and Mg October 2010 data are lower than data Endmember Mn 210 µM Use Mn to normalize mixing

H2S/Mn: No clear correlation Fe/Mn: pos correlation Indicates precipitation within sulfide structure is mixing/ Temperature-dependent

NH3/Mn: pos correlation Suggests NH3 may be consumed within sulfide structure at hyperthermophilic temperatures NH3/Mn: is there a temporal trend? Sample age artifact?

NC OBS EQ data and Vent Temperature

USGS Earthquakes near JFR FILE CREATED: Tue Oct 25 21:23: Circle Search Earthquakes= 8 Circle Center Point Latitude: N Longitude: W Radius: km Catalog Used: PDE Date Range: 2011/09/20 to 2011/10/24 Data Selection: Historical & Preliminary Data CAT YEAR MO DA ORIG TIME LAT LONG DEP MAGNITUDE IEM DTSVNWG DIST NFO km TF PDE-Q MDSEA 2F PDE-Q MLGS PDE-Q mbGS PDE-Q MwGCMT..M PDE-Q MDSEA 4F PDE-Q MDSEA.F PDE-Q MDSEA 3F PDE-Q MDSEA RAS and other plots are 30 Sept :00 to 26 Oct :00

MEF RAS/BARS Temperature Oct 2011 Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific Sample 5 Sample /

MEF RAS/1026B Temperature Oct 2011 Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific Sample 5 Sample /

MEF RAS T and Flank Sub-sea Differential Pressure Oct 2011 Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific Sample 5 Sample /

Neptune Canada 2010 BARS Deployment October 2010 Event

800 data points 90 data points

What we need More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms linking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal vents More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms linking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal vents Models that can use NC observations to test hypotheses Models that can use NC observations to test hypotheses Keep the networks adaptable and open to new sensors Keep the networks adaptable and open to new sensors More hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverage More hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverage More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical response More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical response Automated earthquake detection and rapid reporting Automated earthquake detection and rapid reporting Flux measurements Flux measurements

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