Taking Care of Business 5 th Grade STAAR Review

Anything that has a mass and a volume Mass is the amount of matter in an object or substance; measured using a balance. Volume is the amount of space an object or substance takes up; measured using a ruler or by the displacement method. 5.5A Classify matter based on physical properties, including mass.

Paper clips are attracted to a magnet... because they are made of iron. 5.5A Classify matter based on physical properties, including magnetism. Plastic button Yarn Nuts & Bolts Scissors Marble Penny Paper Clip Pencil lead NoYesItem Which of these objects will be attracted to a magnet?

Close up view of the particles in matter and their behavior Animated images are from A Classify matter based on physical properties, including physical state (solid, liquid, or gas).

Some objects sink in water. They are denser than the water. Other objects float in water. They are less dense than the water. 5.5A Classify matter based on physical properties, including relative density (sinking and floating).

 Solubility in water (can dissolve)  Ability to conduct or insulate thermal energy or electric energy

 Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid— 0ºC.  Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas—100ºC.  Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid—0ºC.

5.5C Demonstrate that some mixtures maintain physical properties of their ingredients such as iron filings and sand. A mixture is a combination of two or more ingredients where no new substance is formed. Solids, liquids, and gases can be combined to form mixtures. When you create a mixture, the ingredients keep all or some of their physical properties. A solution is a special kind of mixture where the particles of at least one ingredient spread out evenly in the other ingredient. In a solution, one ingredient can dissolve in another. The ingredients still maintain their physical properties. Mixture Solution

The ingredients in a mixture can be separated out by physical methods. There are different methods you can use to separate the ingredients in a mixture:  By hand: some mixtures, such as trail mix, can be easily separated by using fingers or tools like toothpicks.  Magnetism: if one of the ingredients is magnetic, you can use a magnet to separate the materials. Trail Mix Magnetism 5.5C Demonstrate that some mixtures maintain physical properties of their ingredients such as iron filings and sand.

5.5D Identify changes that can occur in the physical properties of the ingredients of solutions such as dissolving salt in water or adding lemon juice to water. There are different methods you can use to separate the ingredients in a mixture:  Filter: if the ingredients have particles that are different sizes, or one ingredient is a liquid and the other is a solid, you can pour the mixture over a filter or screen. One ingredient will pass through the filter, but not the other.  Boiling/Evaporating: if the mixture has a solid dissolved in water, you can wait for the water to evaporate or boil the water. The water will change to vapor, but the solid will remain behind.

5.5D Identify changes that can occur in the physical properties of the ingredients of solutions such as dissolving salt in water or adding lemon juice to water. A solution is a special kind of mixture in which the particles in one ingredient spread out and mix evenly among the particles in the other ingredient. For example, when sugar dissolves in water, the sugar breaks down into tiny, tiny particles. The sugar particles are so small that we cannot even see them. Those particles spread out between the water particles. It seems like the sugar disappears, but it doesn’t. We know it’s still there because the water now tastes sweet. Sugar can be separated from the water. One way is to put a stick in a sugar-water solution. As the water evaporates, sugar particles stick to the stick. Eventually, the particles will form crystals around the stick.

Energy is all around us. You see energy as light; you feel energy as heat; you use electrical energy; you see and feel the heat and light from solar energy; you hear energy as sound. Energy is the ability to do work or cause changes in matter. 5.6A Explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound energy. light Thermal heat Electrical electrical Solar energy heatlight solar sound Light

Electricity flows along a path of conductors called a circuit. Electricity can only flow if it is a complete circuit—a continuous path for the particles to move through. 5.6B Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound.

Electrical circuits can produce:  Heat  Light  Sound  Magnetic effects 5.6B Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound.

What happens when light strikes clear glass? Or waxed paper? Or a book? 5.6C Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line and can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water.  Light is transmitted, or passed through clear, transparent objects.  Light is absorbed by opaque objects. The light is blocked and a dark shadow is cast.  Some light—but not all—passes through translucent objects.

When light strikes a smooth, shiny surface, it can be reflected, or bounced back. reflected Smooth Water Tinted Window 5.6C Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line and can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water.

When light passes from one medium to another, it can be refracted, or bent. refracted 5.6C Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line and can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water.

18 3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s solar system and their position in relation to the sun. The sun is at the center of our solar system. The inner planets in order from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The outer planets in order from the sun are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto is so small that it is now classified as a dwarf planet. Mercury Venus Sun Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

19 3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s solar system and their position in relation to the sun. The planets are not usually found in a straight line. They are in curved paths around the sun called orbits.

3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s solar system and their position in relation to the sun. Sun Pluto 8 Our Solar System 1Mercury 2Venus 3Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune The path a planet follows as it revolves around the sun is called its orbit. It takes each planet a fixed length of time to complete one revolution. Planet Code

5.8D Identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The Earth The Moon About ¾ of the surface is covered with water. Surrounded by an atmosphere of gases No liquid water found on the moon’s surface. Little or no atmosphere on the surface

5.8D Identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The Earth The Moon Diameter: 12,756 km Shape: sphere Surface: rocky, soil, few craters, rocky mountains, plains, valleys Active volcanoes Rotation: 24 hours Revolution: about 365 days Diameter: 3,475 km Shape: sphere Surface: rocky, moon dust, lots of craters, rocky mountains, plains, valleys Inactive volcanoes Rotation: about 28 days Revolution: about 28 days The Sun Diameter: 1,390,000 km Shape: sphere Surface: gaseous (helium and hydrogen) No volcanoes Rotation: about 25 Earth days

The sun is the closest star to the Earth and the only star in our solar system. The sun is made up of hot gases, mainly helium and hydrogen. Almost all of the energy found on the Earth comes from the sun. The sun’s energy provides Earth with the light and heat needed to support life. Its energy influences Earth’s wind and weather. Energy from the sun also drives the water cycle on Earth. 5.8D Identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

The dark, cooler spots found on the sun’s surface are called sunspots. Solar flares are violent bursts of energy from the sun’s surface. 5.8D Identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

25 Green plants need sunlight in order to grow and thrive. All of the energy plants need to produce their own food comes from the sun. Plants need water to grow. Sunlight is also very important. 5.8D Identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

26 Air over land heats up and cools down more quickly than air over water. Warm air rises and cool air rushes in to fill the space. This creates wind. 5.8D Identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

Weather and climate include: The temperature of the air The speed of the wind The amount of moisture in the air (humidity) Precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail 5.8A Differentiate between weather and climate. Weather is SHORT time. Climate is LONG time and what happens USUALLY!

4.8A Measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key. Let’s begin here at my weather station at Local 2. Does this map look familiar? If you have watched my weather reports, you have probably seen it. This is a radar map that shows our area. Notice that there is no precipitation showing up at this time.

Here is another radar map of the United Sates. Using the key at the top, you can see that the northeastern part of the country is having some rainfall. What other parts of the country are having rain? 4.8A Measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key.

Here we will learn about warm and cold fronts. When air masses meet at a front, the collision often results in changeable weather, or rainfall. Look at the illustrations of cold and warm fronts. Describe how cold and warm fronts form. Can either kind of front bring rainy weather? 4.8A Measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key.

Warm fronts Warm fronts generally move from southwest to northeast and the air behind a warm front is warmer and more moist than the air ahead of it. When a warm front passes through, the air becomes warmer and more humid than it did before. A warm front is represented by a solid line with semicircles pointing towards the colder air and in the direction of movement. Can you spot the warm & cold fronts? 4.8A Measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key.

The movement of water from the ground to the atmosphere and then back to the ground is called the Water Cycle. 5.8B Explain how the sun and the ocean interact in the water cycle. 4.8B Describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of the Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process. Evaporation Precipitation Condensation Accumulation and run-off

The energy that causes water to evaporate from oceans, rivers, streams and puddles comes from the sun. 5.8B Explain how the sun and the ocean interact in the water cycle. The sun is the driving force in the water cycle!

Why do we only see the sun part of the time? Sometimes we go outside and the sky is bright. We are able to see everything around us! Other times the sky is dark and it is hard to see across the street. What makes this difference? Why is the sky bright some of the time and dark the rest of the time? 5.8C Demonstrate that Earth rotates on its axis once approximately every 24 hours causing the day/night cycle and the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky.