Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter ► Engage: What’s Shocking Engage: What’s Shocking Engage: What’s Shocking ► Explore: Particular Properties Explore: Particular Properties Explore: Particular Properties ► Explain: The Solution to Solutions Explain: The Solution to Solutions Explain: The Solution to Solutions  Part I:Different Charges Part I:Different Charges Part I:Different Charges  Part II: Paper Charges Part II: Paper Charges Part II: Paper Charges  Part III: Bending the Rules Part III: Bending the Rules Part III: Bending the Rules  Part IV: Resolving Dissolving Part IV: Resolving Dissolving Part IV: Resolving Dissolving ► Explain: Charge Those Particles Explain: Charge Those Particles Explain: Charge Those Particles  Part I: Getting Charged Part I: Getting Charged Part I: Getting Charged  Part II: Ionization vs. Dissociation Part II: Ionization vs. Dissociation Part II: Ionization vs. Dissociation  Part III: Sharing Electrons Part III: Sharing Electrons Part III: Sharing Electrons

Entry Task ► New Seating Chart!.

ENGAGE: What’s Shocking? Learning Target I can observe how different solutions conduct electricity. Class Work Pgs Process & Procedure: #1-3, 6-8 Reflect & Connect: #1-4  Use IQIA  Complete Sentences  Provide examples from activity  Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter (#3) REVIEW & TURN IN

EXPLORE: Particular Properties Learning Target I can group common substances according to their physical properties.

Vocabulary ► PROPERTIES:information about a substance that describes it and helps identify it ► SOLUBILITY:the ability of a substance or material to be dissolved ► HARDNESS:a measure of how easily a material or substance can be scratched ► MELTING POINT:the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Class Work Pgs ► Process & Procedure: #2, 5 ► Reflect & Connect: #1-4  Use IQIA  Complete Sentences  Provide examples from activity  Accurately fill place the new substances in the proper categories (#2)  Accurately place water, isopropyl alcohol, and baby oil in the correct categories REVIEW & TURN IN

CompoundAppearanceHardnessConductivity (as solid) Solubility in Water Conductivity (as liquid or solution) Melting Point AspirinNoWeak CornstarchNoWeak DeicerNoStrong Epsom SaltNoStrong Paraffin WaxNoN/A SugarNoWeak Table SaltNoStrong Vitamin CNoWeak

CompoundAppearanceHardnessConductivity (as solid) Solubility in Water Conductivity (as liquid or solution) Melting Point AspirinWhite, Powder SoftNoPartiallyWeakLow CornstarchWhite, Powder SoftNoPartiallyWeakLow DeicerWhite, Crystals Hard, BrittleNoYesStrongHigh Epsom SaltWhite, Crystals Hard, BrittleNoYesStrongHigh Paraffin WaxGray, GreasySoftNo N/ALow SugarWhite, Crystals Hard, BrittleNoYesWeakMedium Table SaltWhite, Crystals Hard, BrittleNoYesStrongHigh Vitamin CWhite, Powder SoftNoPartiallyWeakLow

Strong Conductors (in solution) MaterialCommon Properties DeicerStrong conductors Epsom SaltSoluble in Water Table SaltHigh melting temperature Do not conduct as solid Crystals Hard

Weak/Non Conductors (in solution) MaterialCommon Properties AspirinWeak conductors CornstarchSoluble or not in Water ParaffinLow melting temperature SugarDo not conduct as solid Vitamin CPowdery Soft

EXPLAIN: The Solution to Solutions (PART ONE—Different Charges) Pages Learning Target I understand that all matter is conductive. I understand how charges interact.

Vocabulary ► ELECTROSCOPE:a device used to detect electric charges ELECTROSCOPE ► CHARGE:a property of all particles that determines whether they are attracted or repulsed by other particles ► CONDUCTION:to move or transfer charge from one place to another CONDUCTION

Swizzle sticks are made of plastic which are good insulators. These swizzle sticks are connected by a nail. Metal nails driven through each end of the electroscope. The nails are effective conductors because they are made of metal. A swizzle stick is taped to an upside-down coffee cup.

Because the knife is more NEGATIVE. That means that the knife BECAME more negative because it GAINED more negative.

The glass is more POSITIVE. That means that the glass BECAME more positive because it LOST more negative.

EXPLAIN: The Solution to Solutions (PART TWO — Paper Charges) Pages Learning Target I can explain how plus and minus charges interact. I can explain why matter exhibits both positive and negative charges. Process & Procedure 1-4 Stop & Think 1, 2

Examples: Stop & Think 1

Using MICROSCOPIC drawings. Explain what is happening in this drawing. Use the terms: charge, conduction, plus, minus, movement.

EXPLAIN: The Solution to Solutions (PART THREE — Bending the Rules) Pages Learning Target I can infer what kind of molecule water is based on its conductive behavior. I can determine what substances are like water based on water’s conductive behavior and its physical characteristics of matter. Stop & Think 1-3

Water Stream Water Stream

Water Stream What happens to a water stream when a negative rod is brought near? The stream is attracted to the negative rod.

Water Stream What happens to a water stream when a positive rod is brought near? The stream is attracted to the positive rod.

Water Stream Why does the stream attract to both positive and negative rods? Water has to be both negative and positive.

Water Molecules ► Compass ► Dipole Water is a polar molecule

Water Stream A stream of water is a random collection of polar molecules.

Water Stream When a negative rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the positive side attracts to the negative rod.

Water Stream When a positive rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the negative side attracts to the positive rod.

EXPLAIN: The Solution to Solutions (PART FOUR — Resolving Dissolving) Readings: Pages & Worksheet Learning Target I can explain what ionic compounds, polar covalent, and covalent molecules are and how they interact in solutions mixed with water.

Vocabulary ► ION:a charged particle ► IONIC COMPOUNDS:a neutral compound made from a combination of positive and negative ions ► CRYSTAL LATTICE:the orderly structure of particles in a solid ► DIPOLE:equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance

Vocabulary ► POLAR:a particle with an uneven distribution of charge ► SOLVATION:the process where a soluble particle is surrounded by solvent molecules SOLVATION ► COVALENT: a bond that is formed when the electrons are shared somewhat equally between the nuclei in a compound

Ionic Compound

Three Types of Compounds Three Types of Compounds Solvation Reading Pg

Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds ► Made with charged particles that attract each other to form a strong crystal lattice. ► Water can pull the charged particles out to form ions.

Polar Covalent Compounds Polar Covalent Compounds ► Made from neutral particles that have a + and - side. ► Water can attract to either charged end and pull the particles out. ► The particles keep both + and – charge, so do not form ions.

Covalent Compounds Covalent Compounds ► Made from neutral particles that have evenly distributed charges. ► Water can not pull on any charged particles, so the material will not dissolve nor form ions.

EXPLAIN: Charge Those Particles (PART ONE – Getting Charged) Pages Learning Target I can explain how atoms become positively and negatively charged.

Class Work ► Process and Procedure 1 ► Stop & Think 1-5

Why do the charges move? Why do the charges move?Readings Getting Charged Pg. 127

How atoms become charged atoms ► All atoms have a positive Proton and a negative Electron ► Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons ► Atoms gain or lose electrons to become charged ions

► Lost electron makes a positive ion ► Gained electron makes a negative ion + e - 11e - 11p + 10e - 11p + Na + Na 0 + e - 17e - 17p + 18e - 17p + Cl - Cl 0 + e -

EXPLAIN: Charge Those Particles (PART TWO – Ionization versus Dissociation) Pages Learning Target I can explain what ionization and dissociation are. Process and Procedure 1-4

Vocabulary ► IONIZATION:any process that results in the formation of an ion IONIZATION ► DISSOCIATION: the process in which ions are separated DISSOCIATION ► IONIZATION ENERGY:the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

EXPLAIN: Charge Those Particles (PART THREE – Sharing Electrons) Pages Learning Target I will learn how to use ionization energy and electronegativity to explain how atoms share electrons.

Vocabulary ► ELECTRONEGATIVITY:the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Class Work ► Process and Procedure 1-5 ► Reflect & Connect 1-4