Unit 2: Matter What is stuff?

What is Matter? -Rain -Snow -Air -Electricity -Breath -Thunder -Lightning -Light -Energy Which of the following is matter?

Let’s Define Matter…  Write down a definition of what you think constitutes matter. Be specific!  Our definition: Matter is anything that has a VOLUME and a MASS.

The Nature of Matter:  Kinetic Theory of Matter: Matter is made up of tiny particles in constant motion.  Elements are made of 1 type of atom  Atoms made of:  Protons  Neutrons  Electrons  Matter cannot be created or destroyed in/by a natural process.  1 st Law of Thermodynamics

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures:  Elements: Pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts; consists of only 1 type of Atom  Compounds: A chemical combination of 2 or more elements.  Mixture: A physical combination of 2 or more compounds or elements.  SO…which of these do each of the pictures represent?

Mixture Types:  Heterogeneous mixtures contain regions that have properties that are different from other regions.  They are NOT the same throughout.  Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout.  They are called solutions.  Solute vs. Solvent

Intro to the States of Matter  There are 4 states of matter  Solids  Liquids  Gasses  Plasma  These are PHYSICAL properties of matter.

Phases of Matter  What temperature does water boil at?  What Temperature does water boil at when at a pressure of 218 atm?

Another phase diagram (constant pressure)

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter PhysicalOdorColorVolumeMassStateDensity Melting point Boiling point ChemicalReactivity Electron Affinity Electronegativity Atomic Radius Atomic Mass AcidityBasicity

Physical and Chemical Properties Continued…  Chemical properties refer to a substances ability to form new substances.  Results in a chemical change  Called reactions  Gas Released  Heat Released  Change in pH  Unexpected Color Change  Formation of a Precipitate  Physical properties refer to characteristics that do not result in the formation of a new substance  Results in a physical change  Can be used to identify substances

Kinetic Molecular Theory: Characteristics of the States of Matter: Solid: - particles are touching - particles are arranged in a stacking pattern - strong attractive forces between particles - cannot be compressed Liquid: - particles are touching - particles are able to move past eachother - mild attractive forces between particles - cannot be compressed Gas: -particles not touching - particles are free flowing - NO attractive forces between particles - can be compressed

Take a look… So… why do we see the characteristics that we see???

Separating Mixtures:   Distillation: A liquid solution is boiled to produce a vapor which is then condensed to re- produce a separated liquid   Filtration: used to separate a heterogeneous mixture containing a solid and a liquid   Combination: well….duh!