Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Chapter 2
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc The insides of a tower cabinet PC
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Data Storage Analog versusDigital
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Analog to Digital Coding
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Data Storage AnalogtoDigitalConversion Compact Disc Analog Signal
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Data Storage Bits Bits Binary Digits On-bits & Off-bits Bits Bits Binary Digits On-bits & Off-bits
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Bits on the surface of a magnetic disk
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Data in a Computer Data in a Computer Primary Storage - RAM (Temporary) Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent) Data in a Computer Data in a Computer Primary Storage - RAM (Temporary) Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent) Data Storage
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Encoding Systems ASCII & ANSI Unicode ASCII & ANSI Unicode
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc ASCII character encoding
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Non-English characters represented using 16-bit Unicode
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc The Computer System Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Parallel Processing each auxiliary processor handles a piece of the problem
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc The Computer System Random Access Storage (RAM) DRAM - Dynamic RAM SRAM - Static RAM RAM Technology CMOS SIMMs Random Access Storage (RAM) DRAM - Dynamic RAM SRAM - Static RAM RAM Technology CMOS SIMMs
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc RAM chips (center) and auxiliary processors
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc System Memory ROM PROM Flash Memory Cache Memory ROM PROM Flash Memory Cache Memory
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Flash memory common for laptops
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Non-volatile memory is preferred for its durability in rugged settings
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Processor Functions Read & Interpret Program Instructions Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM Read & Interpret Program Instructions Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Arithmetic Logic Unit Arithmetic & Logic unit performs all computations and logical operations 2+2=42+2<5
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Buses ALUFLASHCPURAM ROM Device Controllers
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc How the Processor Works Execute Instruction ALU Instruction Time Execution Time Place Result in Memory ALU to RAM Decode Instruction Control Unit Fetch Instruction RAM to Control Unit
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Processing CISC RISC Parallel Processing MPP CISC RISC Parallel Processing MPP
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc RISC-based IBM System/3000
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Processor Parts Word Size 16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses Speed Megahertz MHz MIPS FLOPS & GFLOPS Word Size 16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses Speed Megahertz MHz MIPS FLOPS & GFLOPS
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Cray T90 supercomputer 64 GFLOPS (gigaflops)
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Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Processor Parts Ram Capacity Kilobytes Megabytes Gigabytes Terabytes The Microprocessor Ram Capacity Kilobytes Megabytes Gigabytes Terabytes The Microprocessor
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Meaningful measurements
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Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc The Motherboard Microprocessor Electronic Circuitry Memory Chips Bus Expansion Slots Microprocessor Electronic Circuitry Memory Chips Bus Expansion Slots
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc System Board
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Processor Types Motorola PowerPC Intel Pentium & Pentium Pro Motorola PowerPC Intel Pentium & Pentium Pro
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Advantage Intel: Momentum & Proven Track Record Advantage Intel: Momentum & Proven Track Record Processor Types Motorola PowerPC Intel Pentium & Pentium Pro Motorola PowerPC Intel Pentium & Pentium Pro
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc IBM/Motorola PowerPC chip (Macintosh microprocessor)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Intel Pentium Microprocessor (used on most PC’s)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Removal of etched wafers: each contains IC’s, and each IC contains millions of transistors
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Connecting Peripherals Ports Serial Parallel Dedicated Keyboard Dedicated Mouse Ports Serial Parallel Dedicated Keyboard Dedicated Mouse
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Serial and parallel data transmission
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Expansion Boards ISA Buses MCA & EISA Buses Local Buses PCI Local Bus VL Bus SCSI Bus ISA Buses MCA & EISA Buses Local Buses PCI Local Bus VL Bus SCSI Bus
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc PC Expansion Graphics Adapter Sound Fax Modem Peripheral Device Interface Serial & Parallel Ports Graphics Adapter Sound Fax Modem Peripheral Device Interface Serial & Parallel Ports
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Cable modems (very fast internet downloads)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Network Interface SCSI Interface Card Video Capture PC Cards PCMCIA Technology Network Interface SCSI Interface Card Video Capture PC Cards PCMCIA Technology PC Expansion
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc External modem for laptop using PCMCIA expansion slots
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc Telling Computers What To Do Chapter 3 Coming next: