CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-3

___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food AUTOTROPHS In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________ sunlight food (glucose) PHOTOSYNTHESIS

In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called ___________________ What kind of organisms do this? energy broken down ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION

________ (Including _______) ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY! What kind of organisms do this? plantsfungibacteria ______ animals humans

We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants. How do we get the sugar from the plants? Image from: REMEMBER! _______________ get their energy by eating other organisms. HETEROTROPHS eating plants animals

REMEMBER CELL BIO

Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ mitochondria CYTOPLASM Image from:

MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant Surrounded by ___________ membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds = _________________ CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria INTERMEMBRANE SPACE DOUBLE MATRIX CRISTAE

All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to charge up their _______ Image from: energy in food ATP

This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________ Image by Riedell Image from: ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! slowly many steps light and heat

PHOTOSYNTHESIS ___________ + _________ + ___________ → _______________ + __________ 6 CO 2 6 H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 _____________ + _________ → ________ + __________ + __________ ______________________________________________________________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6 CO 2 6 H 2 O The two equations are exact opposites!

UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1 ◦ Celsius = _______________ Unit for measuring energy in food = _______________ 1 Calorie = _________ calories Calorie calorie

________ + _________ → ____________ Remember from Photosynthesis? High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. _______ & ________ NAD + FAD NAD + ________ + _________ → ____________ 2 e - + H + FAD NADP + 2 e - + 2H +

See glycolysis movie The first step in cellular respiration = __________________ Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria GLYCOLYSIS CYTOPLASM

Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ ) Glycolysis ____________________________ BUT it needs some ____________to get it started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? split apart DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN ATP sweet ENERGY

________ ↓ ___________ → → _____________ ↓ ____________________ + _______________ GLUCOSE2 PYRUVIC ACID PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ and __________ 2 ATP’s 4 ATP’s GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP’s 2 NADH ATP ATP NADH

PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = ANAEROBIC = AEROBIC

PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN 2 kinds of fermentation ___________________ & _____________________ ANAEROBIC Alcoholic Lactic acid WITHOUT

_______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise CO 2 bubbles make _____________ in bread Alcohol _______________ during cooking CO 2 NAD + air spaces evaporates

_______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL Happens when ___________ make _______ or ____________ make ______ CO 2 NAD + yeast beer bacteriawine

_______ + _____ → ______________ + ________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness NAD + exercise muscles

_______ + _____ → ______________ + ________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like: Yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, cheese sour cream, & kimchi NAD food beverages

WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full. Eventually glycolysis will WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS? builds up NAD +

_______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL → CO 2 NAD + REGENERATE the NAD + LACTIC ACID NAD + → You get the NAD + carriers back ______

Flooded Corn Field plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die. By: Plants do ____________ but photosynthesis oxygen for cellular respiration