Cell Structure and Function Notes 2015

Organelles Characteristics:  The organelles work together to create a properly functioning system (the cell)…  just like all the parts of a factory work together to make a properly functioning factory!  If one organelle is removed or missing, the cell will not function properly!

Cells  Definition Cell: the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms There are different types of cells… Examples:  Eukaryotic Prokaryotic  Animal cellsPlant cellsBacterial cells

The 5 Functions of Cells KNOW THESE!!! (STIPE)  Structure  Transport  Information storage & commands  Production system (making materials)  Energy

Cell Structure and Function FunctionOrganelle S - Support- cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall T – Transport- RER, Nucleus, vesicles, lysosomes, SER, Golgi bodies, Nucleus, vacuole I – Information – Nucleus, Mitochondria P – Production – Mitochondria, Ribosome's, nucleus E – Energy- all, mitochondria, nucleus

Cell Function  Nucleus – Where ribosomes are made.  Ribosome – Make proteins  Smooth ER – Makes carbohydrates and lipids.  Rough ER – Makes proteins from ribosomes.

Cell Function - Continued  Golgi Apparatus – Modifies and packages proteins, carbohydrates and lipids for shipment. Makes macromolecules.  Mitochondria – Cellular respiration  Chloroplast – Photosyntthesis  Cell wall – Provides support (plant)

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Photosynthesis Overview  Photo = Light  Synthesis = To Make  6 CO H 2 OC 6 H 12 O O 2  Two main stages  Light reactions  Convert light energy to chemical energy  Occur in thylakoid membranes  Calvin cycle  Converts CO 2 into sugar  Occurs in stroma

Cellular Respiration Overview  Aerobic  Requires oxygen  C 6 H 12 O O 2 6 CO H 2 O  Three main stages  Glycolysis  Breaks down glucose to pyruvic acid  Occurs in cytoplasm  Krebs cycle  Breaks down pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide  Occurs in mitochondrial matrix  ETC  Occurs in mitochondrial membrane

Fermentation  Anaerobic  Does not require oxygen  Makes ATP entirely from glycolysis  Lactic acid fermentation  Produces lactic acid  Muscles, cheese, yogurt  Alcoholic fermentation  Produces ethyl alcohol  Bread, beer, wine

Cell Types  Eukaryotes… that’s us, and plants, and fungi  Find your examples in… Eukaryopolis - The City of Animal Cells: DTHGJBY&index=4&list=PL3EED4C1 D684D3ADF DTHGJBY&index=4&list=PL3EED4C1 D684D3ADF