26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 1 SATELLITE DATA LINK SYSTEM (SDLS) AN AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM CONCEPT RESPONDING TO THE DEMANDING REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY COMMUNICATIONS Claude Loisy European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA)

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 2 Why the ESA SDLS Programme ? Historical Background of SDLS Historical Background of SDLS For many years, ESA has been promoting the concept of new mobile satellite communication services with tailored applications in a private network environment For many years, ESA has been promoting the concept of new mobile satellite communication services with tailored applications in a private network environment SDLS was conceived with the view to meet the highly demanding requirements of safety and regularity of flight communications. SDLS was conceived with the view to meet the highly demanding requirements of safety and regularity of flight communications. The MSBN (Mobile Satellite Business Networks) prototype system for Land Mobile Service application developed by ESA served as a basis for the SDLS concept. The MSBN (Mobile Satellite Business Networks) prototype system for Land Mobile Service application developed by ESA served as a basis for the SDLS concept.

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 3 ESA MSBN Prototype System Prototype land mobile satcom system targeting road transport Prototype land mobile satcom system targeting road transport Demonstrated service was voice (point to point) and data Demonstrated service was voice (point to point) and data Mobile Earth Stations were 10 W single carrier with azimuth driven antenna Mobile Earth Stations were 10 W single carrier with azimuth driven antenna MSBN used synchronous CDMA access in the forward link and quasi synchronous CDMA in the return link MSBN used synchronous CDMA access in the forward link and quasi synchronous CDMA in the return link MSBN was successfully experimented with using Inmarsat IOR satellite MSBN was successfully experimented with using Inmarsat IOR satellite Some MSBN tests were successfully performed (1996) using an omni-directional antenna on the mobile which helped consolidating the feasibility of the SDLS concept Some MSBN tests were successfully performed (1996) using an omni-directional antenna on the mobile which helped consolidating the feasibility of the SDLS concept

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 4 MSBN TESTS VIDEO PRESENTATION

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 5 MSBN Field Tests in Fucino (1996) Test Set-up Test Set-up Inmarsat 3 I.O.R. Satellite Global Beam Inmarsat 3 I.O.R. Satellite Global Beam Telespazio GES in Fucino Telespazio GES in Fucino ESA MSBN Prototype Fixed Earth Station ESA MSBN Prototype Fixed Earth Station ESA MSBN Prototype Mobile Earth Station installed on a Telespazio van ESA MSBN Prototype Mobile Earth Station installed on a Telespazio van Azimuth pointing antenna or Azimuth pointing antenna or Omni-directional antenna Omni-directional antenna Video recording at the FES Video recording at the FES Video recording in the vehicle Video recording in the vehicle

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 6 MSBN Field Tests in Fucino (1996) Video Sound Recording Video Sound Recording Recording in the GES control room Recording in the GES control room The MSBN return sound channel from the MES is picked up from a loudspeaker The MSBN return sound channel from the MES is picked up from a loudspeaker Recording in the vehicle Recording in the vehicle The MSBN forward sound channel is fed directly to the left channel of the camera The MSBN forward sound channel is fed directly to the left channel of the camera The ambient sound in the cabin is also picked up by the camera The ambient sound in the cabin is also picked up by the camera

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 7 MSBN TESTS VIDEO PRESENTATION

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 8 ESA SDLS PROGRAMME

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 9 ESA SDLS Programme History of ESA funded activities History of ESA funded activities Initial feasibility work: Initial feasibility work: based on MSBN started internally in 1994 based on MSBN started internally in 1994 Feasibility Study: Feasibility Study: contract to Alcatel Espace in 95/96 contract to Alcatel Espace in 95/96 System Study: System Study: two contracts placed in 1998: two contracts placed in 1998:Alenia Alcatel Space Industries (ASPI) Service Demonstrator Implementation: Service Demonstrator Implementation: contract with industrial consortium lead by ASPI contract with industrial consortium lead by ASPI placed in 2000 placed in 2000

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 10 Establishing the System Concept SATELLITE DATA LINK SYSTEM (SDLS)

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 11 Satellite Data Link System

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 12 Overall Concept Elements and Definitions Forward Link Return Link Uplink Downlink UplinkDownlink GES AES ATCC

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 13 Defining and Justifying Major Design Features SATELLITE DATA LINK SYSTEM (SDLS)

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 14 SDLS Main Design Characteristics (1) Services Services Voice service (point to point and Party Line) Voice service (point to point and Party Line) Data service including broadcast and polled on-board parameter retrieval Data service including broadcast and polled on-board parameter retrieval Network Architecture Network Architecture Capability for decentralised satellite access Capability for decentralised satellite access Capability for Satellite Diversity Capability for Satellite Diversity May be dictated by service availability requirements May be dictated by service availability requirements Equipment Redundancy Equipment Redundancy Hot redundancy for the Ground Earth Station Hot redundancy for the Ground Earth Station Stand-by redundancy for the on-board equipment Stand-by redundancy for the on-board equipment

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 15 SDLS Main Design Characteristics (2) Multiple Access Scheme Multiple Access Scheme Synchronous CDMA in the fixed to mobile direction (Forward Link) Synchronous CDMA in the fixed to mobile direction (Forward Link) Quasi-synchronous CDMA in the mobile to fixed direction (Return Link) Quasi-synchronous CDMA in the mobile to fixed direction (Return Link) Fixed Earth Stations Fixed Earth Stations Ku or C-Band depending on satellite feeder links Ku or C-Band depending on satellite feeder links Only Ku-Band VSATs practically allow highly decentralised access Only Ku-Band VSATs practically allow highly decentralised access Aircraft Earth Stations Aircraft Earth Stations Low cost solutions meeting avionics standards are readily available Low cost solutions meeting avionics standards are readily available Only the CDMA modems require a specific technical development Only the CDMA modems require a specific technical development Space Segment Space Segment Capacity is commercially available worldwide at L-Band on MSS GEO satellites already deployed Capacity is commercially available worldwide at L-Band on MSS GEO satellites already deployed

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 16 SDLS Main System Design Choices Safety Communication Dedicated System Safety Communication Dedicated System Allows stable and less challenged access to radio frequency spectrum Allows stable and less challenged access to radio frequency spectrum Avoids sharing the risks with still to be proven new passenger services Avoids sharing the risks with still to be proven new passenger services Highly simplifies the design and reduces the AES costs Highly simplifies the design and reduces the AES costs Open Technical Standard Open Technical Standard Geosynchronous Orbit Geosynchronous Orbit Capability for Highly Distributed Satellite Access Capability for Highly Distributed Satellite Access Allows GESs (VSATs) to be co-located with ATCCs Allows GESs (VSATs) to be co-located with ATCCs Aircraft Earth Station Characteristics Aircraft Earth Station Characteristics Low cost omni-directional antenna Low cost omni-directional antenna Low cost single channel and medium transmit power (# 30 W) Low cost single channel and medium transmit power (# 30 W)

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 17 System Dimensioning Example Channel Characteristics Channel Characteristics Voice and/or Data: 6.8 Kb/s (with a 4.8 Kb/s vocoder) Voice and/or Data: 6.8 Kb/s (with a 4.8 Kb/s vocoder) Waveform and Channel Bandwidth Waveform and Channel Bandwidth Ground to Air Ground to Air Synchronous CDMA QPSK spreading factor 255 Synchronous CDMA QPSK spreading factor 255 Bandwidth 867 KHz (3 dB) Bandwidth 867 KHz (3 dB) Air to Ground Air to Ground Quasi Synchronous CDMA QPSK spreading factor 255 Quasi Synchronous CDMA QPSK spreading factor 255 Bandwidth 867 KHz (3 dB) Bandwidth 867 KHz (3 dB) Network Overall Capacity per Satellite Beam Network Overall Capacity per Satellite Beam Up to 250 channels with satellite diversity and Regional Beam (continental airspace) occupy 2 x 1 MHz Up to 250 channels with satellite diversity and Regional Beam (continental airspace) occupy 2 x 1 MHz Up to 100 channels without satellite diversity and Global Beam (oceanic airspace) occupy 1 MHz Up to 100 channels without satellite diversity and Global Beam (oceanic airspace) occupy 1 MHz

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 18 Supporting Choices in the SDLS Concept Goal has been to improve on the major identified limitations of the existing AMSS: Goal has been to improve on the major identified limitations of the existing AMSS: 1.AES complexity and cost 2.Limitation of number of accessing GESs and need for a NCS (Network Control Station) 3.Slow service recovery following a GES outage 4. Very slow service recovery following a satellite outage 5.Large usage of capacity consuming random access transmissions 6.Voice service limited to a mobile extension of the PSTN supported telephony service

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 19 Supporting Choices in the SDLS Concept Identified features (in red) with the view of improving on the AMSS limitations : Identified features (in red) with the view of improving on the AMSS limitations : 1.AES complexity and cost AES using a single 30 W carrier transmitted through omni-directional antenna AES using a single 30 W carrier transmitted through omni-directional antenna 2.Limitation of number of accessing GESs and need for a NCS Multiple access scheme for GESs is synchronous CDMA (allows distributed control with a large number of stations and maximum spectrum and satellite power efficiency) Multiple access scheme for GESs is synchronous CDMA (allows distributed control with a large number of stations and maximum spectrum and satellite power efficiency) 3.Slow service recovery following a GES outage Introduction of smaller (cheaper) GESs would offer fully transparent GES redundancy capability Introduction of smaller (cheaper) GESs would offer fully transparent GES redundancy capability

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 20 Supporting Choices in the SDLS Concept Corresponding Features have been designed into SDLS : Corresponding Features have been designed into SDLS : 4.Very slow service recovery following a satellite outage Active satellite diversity would remove the loss of service in case of satellite outage Active satellite diversity would remove the loss of service in case of satellite outage 5.Large usage of capacity consuming random access transmissions Maximum usage of dynamically allocated resources would improve service quality and guarantee efficient usage of resources Maximum usage of dynamically allocated resources would improve service quality and guarantee efficient usage of resources 6.Voice service limited to a mobile extension of the PSTN supported telephony service Party line telephony service in closed user group (CUG) and private network environment would emulate the VHF R/T service Party line telephony service in closed user group (CUG) and private network environment would emulate the VHF R/T service

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 21 ESA On-Going Activities and and Plans for the Future Plans for the Future SATELLITE DATA LINK SYSTEM (SDLS)

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 22 SDLS DEMONSTRATOR

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 23 SDLS Demonstrator Goals of the Demonstrator Goals of the Demonstrator Illustrate the capacity of modern techniques in mobile communication systems to efficiently support some ATM applications beyond the capability of the existing AMSS Illustrate the capacity of modern techniques in mobile communication systems to efficiently support some ATM applications beyond the capability of the existing AMSS Party line functionality in the voice service Party line functionality in the voice service Guaranteed transmission delay for time critical aircraft data (e.g. ADS) Guaranteed transmission delay for time critical aircraft data (e.g. ADS)

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 24 SDLS Demonstrator Overall Characteristics of the Demonstrator Overall Characteristics of the Demonstrator Operates to a satellite with Ku-Band feeder links Operates to a satellite with Ku-Band feeder links Demonstrates usage of VSAT type GESs Demonstrates usage of VSAT type GESs Emulates low power single channel AESs with omni- directional antennas Emulates low power single channel AESs with omni- directional antennas Demonstrates usage of low cost AESs also for voice Demonstrates usage of low cost AESs also for voice Emulates typical data link applications Emulates typical data link applications Intended Usage of the Demonstrator Intended Usage of the Demonstrator Provide live technical demonstration capability of key new features now available for incorporation into a next generation satellite system (NGSS) Provide live technical demonstration capability of key new features now available for incorporation into a next generation satellite system (NGSS)

26 Nov 2002 NexSAT Steering Group meeting 25 ESA SDLS FUTURE PROGRAMME

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 26 ESA SDLS Future Programme Work is now closely coordinated with EUROCONTROL through a MoU signed in 2002 Work is now closely coordinated with EUROCONTROL through a MoU signed in 2002 ESA future industrial activities ESA future industrial activities SDLS detailed system definition: SDLS detailed system definition: - to be started December 2002 (3 to 4 M) - to accompany Eurocontrol service requirement development SDLS full system development: SDLS full system development: - # 40 M over four years starting in 2004 Industry support to Demonstrations/Evaluations in co- operation with EUROCONTROL Industry support to Demonstrations/Evaluations in co- operation with EUROCONTROL

26 Nov 2002NexSAT Steering Group meeting 27 ESA SDLS Future Programme ESA Support Activities ESA Support Activities Spectrum defence activities through CEPT and ITU groups Spectrum defence activities through CEPT and ITU groups Support to Eurocontrol in the framework of ICAO AMCP Support to Eurocontrol in the framework of ICAO AMCP