1 APA Citations: The Method to the Madness Brittany Kallman Arneson, M.A.

22 What to Expect Time Questions/Answers Technical issues? Go to aining aining

33 Overview How and why is APA different from other citation styles? Reference list examples In-text citation examples Questions

44 Poll: Does Formatting Matter? Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: / Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): Web. 30 October Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper- Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): Accessed October 30,

55 Same information, different audiences Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: / Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): Web. 30 October Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper- Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): Accessed October 30, APA MLA Chicago

66 Why all the rules? Couldn’t there just be one overarching style? Each style communicates the same information, so why are there formatting rules at all? Why do instructors and writing tutors seem to care so much about correct APA style?

77 Consistency Assists readers in recognizing a writer's ideas and information; allows writers to express themselves clearly and easily to readers. Helps you engage your readers, so they can focus on your ideas, not formatting inconsistencies. Choose one rule and stick with it.

88 APA style is designed specifically to communicate information about your field to an audience of scholars in your same field.

99 Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: / Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): Web. 30 October Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper- Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): Accessed October 30, Author APA MLA Chicago

10 The Role of the Author Author’s identity is less important than data in social sciences. Social scientists examine trends in data, rather than following the work of an individual author. A social science audience doesn’t need to know the author’s first name.

11 Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: / Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): Web. 30 October Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper- Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): Accessed October 30, Publication Year APA MLA Chicago

12 Data Relevance A study published in 1940 is not equal to a study published in Year of study helps reader evaluate its relevance to his or her own research. In social sciences, year study was published is more important than author identity.

13 Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: / Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): Web. 30 October Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper- Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): Accessed October 30, APA MLA Chicago Article Title

14 Purpose of Title To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Paradigms, praxis, problems, and promise: Grounded theory in counseling psychology research, by R.E. Fassinger Title of novel is poetic, metaphorical Title of article is informative, descriptive Sentence case improves ability to scan for information

15 Journal Formatting: No Method to this Madness Sometimes rules are just rules. Memorize APA formatting for journal information. Example: Best Journal Ever, 14(2),

16 Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: / Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): Web. 30 October Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper- Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): Accessed October 30, APA MLA Chicago Web Retrieval Information

17 Source Retrieval The previous edition of the APA manual required authors to provide information about the database where they found a source. However, not every reader has access to every database. APA now requires either a DOI or the direct URL to the journal website.

18 Your “Aha” Moment! APA formatting rules aren’t random. Following the rules correctly helps you communicate your specific content to fellow scholars in your field. Questions so far?

19 In-Text Citations Give information in the body of the paper that reader can use to locate source in reference list. Help you give proper credit to other sources. Show that your topic is relevant! Are MUCH simpler than reference formatting.

20 Reference → In-Text Citation Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: /

21 Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), doi: /

22 3 Consistent Components Last name(s) of author or authors Publication year Page or paragraph number, only for direct quotations (not paraphrases)

23 Parenthetical vs. In-Sentence Citations Parenthetical citations come at the end of the sentence, in parentheses. Example: “When students eat chocolate, their writing improves” (Kallman Arneson, 2012, p. 12). In-sentence citations are included as part of your sentence. Example: Kallman Arneson (2012) found that when students ate chocolate, their writing improved.

24 Discussion board posting Godmother, F. (2010, June 29). Re: Pumpkin enchantment [Online discussion group]. Retrieved from arn?CourseID= &Survey=1&47= &ClientNodeID=404183&

25 Correct Answer: A (Godmother, 2010, para. 2). All information goes inside parentheses in a parenthetical citation Components of citation are separated by commas In non-paginated source, use paragraph numbers.

26 Video embedded in a course Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). The art being a French elephant [Video webcast]. Retrieved from

27 Correct Answer: B (Laureate Education, Inc., 2010). Producer’s name goes in author slot Include full name of producer or authoring organization the first time, but use an acronym in each subsequent reference if using it throughout the paper

28 Video embedded in a course Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). The art being a French elephant [Video webcast]. Retrieved from

29 Correct Answer: A Babar reviewed how to wear a beret (Laureate Education, Inc., 2010). Refer to speaker’s name in body of sentence Still use producer name in parenthetical reference. Key is giving reader the context for what you are discussing.

30 Course lecture notes Professor, A., & Instructor, B. (2010). Silly reference examples and student engagement [Lecture notes]. Retrieved from

31 Correct Answer: C (Professor & Instructor, 2010). No need for page numbers when paraphrasing. Use ampersand (&) inside parentheses, but spell out “and” outside parentheses.

32 Walden Website Resources

33 Publication Year Rules Only include the publication year for the first sentence citation of a source. Any subsequent in-sentence citations in that paragraph don’t need to include the year. If you begin a new paragraph, the rule starts over. Always include the year in a parenthetical citation.

34 Questions?

35 Resources writingcenter.waldenu.edu APA or writing questions? Webinar questions?

36 THE END!