Syntax I: Constituents and Structure Gareth Price – Duke University.

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Presentation transcript:

Syntax I: Constituents and Structure Gareth Price – Duke University

Rules for Lectures in Syntax ??!Ǿ √nowlater

Structural Analysis The ___________ is very noisy. I heard a ___________ yesterday. camelbigrun baby white sevendogsingwheelcar radio bottlequietyellow siren peoplealwayslovewordplay

Structural Analysis The ___________ is very noisy. I heard a ___________ yesterday. GarethProfessor Price an airplane my dog this lecturefour bags of wheat the man with the red facea butterfly a change of sceneryhis wordsBarak Obama

Structural Analysis ___________ is very noisy. I heard ___________ yesterday. GarethProfessor Price an airplane my dog this lecturefour bags of wheat the man with the red facea butterfly a change of sceneryhis wordsBarak Obama

What does Structural Analysis tell us? Substitution – what can we remove / re-combin re-work from a sentence ‘structure’?  Words: Nouns, Verbs Adjectives etc.  Larger units?  Phrases?  NPs, APs etc. Goal: to analyse not just words but their recombination into larger units within the sentence

Immediate Constituent Analysis What are the components of these sentences? The cat saw the mouse The cat saw the mouse under the table The big cat saw the little mouse under the big table [the] [big] [cat] [saw] [the] [little] [mouse] [under] [the] [big] [table]

Immediate Constituent Analysis If components are merely words, then are these OK? *cat the saw big mouse the table under big little the * big little big the big mouse table table cat the big What are the ‘immediate constituents’ here? E.g the cat / *table cat saw the mouse / *saw table big

her fatherbroughta shotguntothe wedding the catsawthe doginhis tree dogsatepeachesoffa platter Johnturned offthe gasathis rental property

Phrase Structure Where the HEAD is the most important word in the phrase...! [the cat] NP [the dog] NP [his tree] NP [saw the dog] VP [in his tree] PP [ [ the cat ] [ saw [ the dog ] ] [ in [ his tree ] ] ]

her fatherbroughta shotguntothe wedding the catsawthe doginhis tree dogsatepeachesoffa platter Johnturned offthe gasathis rental property

Re-write Rules NP = Ns / PN / ‘N’ / det + N VP = V NP PP = P NP N = (cat, dog, tree) Ns = (catS, dogS, treeS) ‘N’ = proper noun (Gareth, John, Grandpa) PN = pronoun (I, he, she, it, etc.) V = saw, brought, heard P = (in, on, through, up, under)

Hierarchy THREE MEN ATE SANDWICHES IN A CAR NP VP NP PP NP My cat brought a mouse to my desk

Embededness