1 SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY and MEDICINE SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY and MEDICINE

2 Biomedical revolution Medical revolution - Medical revolution Biological revolution - Biological revolution Social revolution :Autonomy Human rights Balanced by devotion to religion BIOETHICS Side effect of medical revolution : empowerment of scientist

3 - Resuscitation - Respirator technology - Dialysis - Organ Transplants Science and technology - By pass surgery - Cornea transplant Prolonging life Prolonging life Quality of life Quality of life

4 Technology Should be regulated to prevent disasters (assisted production, gene therapy) Bioethics encompasses the full spectrum of ethical issues in the life sciences, health and health care

5 Bioethics Responsibility Responsibility of philosophers Secure life Secure life on earth improve quality improve quality of life by establishing rulesregulations by establishing rules and regulations

6 Technological revolution in medicine in medicine Õ Artificial insemination Assisted reproduction Assisted reproduction : increase possibility of conception Õ IVFET Õ IVF and ET Õ GiftZift Õ Gift and Zift

7 Organ Transplants Prolong life or improve quality of life > Kidney > Kornea > Heart > Skin > Liver > Bone marrow > Foetal brain tissue

8 FruitsVegetables Fruits & Vegetables Cloning Cloning (asexual reproduction) Humanity improvement : Somatic cells Gene therapy Seeds cells Eugenetics Genetic Engineering Physical  Physical (athlete) Mental  Mental (smart)

9 RESPIRATOR Vegetative life Vegetative life Life maintenance Life maintenance

10 Humanity Morality MoralityValuesbehaviorethics  Humanity Humanity is the basis of morality Morality Morality : everything that increases humanity

11 Ethics Ethics may guide human behavior based on determination of what is right and what is wrong based on values and principles that exist at certain moments of time Life - quality Life - quality of life Risk approach strategy Risk approach strategy Anencephaly Anencephaly Ethics

12 Ethics Ethics usually chooses a central theme : - hedonism - collective - duty - nature (character) Ethics discusses competing values and select the most urgent one ( for a certain condition )

13 In In life life, some things are important and valuable : Health, life, justice, honesty, sincerity Value Value of behavior behavior : - Loyalty Loyalty --- keep promises, respect for friendship - Justice Justice --- to give what is the right of others - Honesty Honesty --- not to lie - Truth

14 Basic Values life Respect for life human dignity Respect for human dignity children Respect for children ( future generation ) family Integrity of the family welfare of future Guarantee the welfare of future generations generations (ecology)

15 Competing Values Life Life - Quality of life Individual health Individual health - community health Parental rights Parental rights - foetal rights Justice Justice - risk approach strategy

16 Ethical aspects Philosophical Philosophical (reasoning) Theological Theological (farth) Socio cultural Socio cultural (extraditions, customs)

17 Norm : translation of a value in every days life Life Life : you shall not hill Honest Honest : always tell the truth

18 Development of Moral Vision Autonomy Autonomy of patients : - informed consent - Second opinion Justice Justice : - Risk approach strategy - Individual >< collective

19 Bioethics is not the domain of one profession, it is the concern of all schools of philosophers national as well as international

20 ethical Is donation of sperm ethical ? preserved For how long should sperm be preserved ? be known Should a sperm donor be known to the receiver or his child ? HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS :

21 IVF, GIFT dan ZIFT preserved For how long should zygote be preserved ? Unused zygotes when discarded is similar to abortion abortion ? pregnancy When does pregnancy begin Reduction Reduction of embryos Which combination is ethical ova sperm womb

22 Organ transplantation Organ transplantation : Living donors ; compensation for organs, murder, moment of death. Respirator : when to stop Euthanasia Euthanasia Abortion Right of the fetus

23 TERIMA KASIH