Introduction to Biology What are the characteristics of living things?

BIOLOGY =__________________ = ________________ Study of living things Bacteria The science of “LIFE”

It’s Alive!

1.______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5.______________________________ 6. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________ Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS Made of cells. Reproduce Based on universal genetic code Maintain a stable internal environment Grow and develop Obtain and use materials & energy Respond to their environment As a group, change over time

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells The _____ is the ______________. basic unit of life CELL

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells ____________organisms are _____________ made of only 1 cell Image from: (Ex: _________) UNICELLULAR bacteria

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells _________________ organisms _______ as _________ but as adults are _________________________ Ex: (___________ __________ ) MADE OF MANY CELLS Images from: MULTICELLULAR BEGINONE CELL a human a tree

ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce ____________ ____________ _____________the ___________________ from _____________ ________________ Seen in animals and plants SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Family image from: combines sperm + egg = baby genetic material 2 parents

___________ ______________ makes a new organism using the ________________ from _________________ Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Planaria animation: ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce genetic material ONLY 1 PARENT

All living things share a universal genetic code Hereditary material = DNA ______________________ ________________ with instructions for one _________ is called a ________. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID GENE Image from: Segment of DNA PROTEIN

In _____________ organisms, like a bacterium, growth is mostly a simple ________________. Image by Riedell ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop INCREASE in SIZE SINGLE CELLED

Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________. increasing cell size increasing cell number Image from: Image by Riedell ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop

Metabolism & Energy Use

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS… but many _______________ of cells with _____________________ Image from: DIFFERENT KINDS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

The ________________ EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs = __________________________ DIFFERENTIATION Image from: PROCESS OF CHANGING

_________________________ what makes them ___________ is _______________ are _______________________ See end of show for image sources All cells have the SAME DNA... WHICH GENES TURNED ON or OFF different

It’s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you.

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of ____________________ & ____________ This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGY in the food it eats to make “more sheep” grow and develop need BUILDING MATERIALS ENERGY!

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________ Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________ AUTOTROPHS Image from: make their own food GREEN PLANTS sunlight photosynthesis glucose

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ______________ get their energy by ___________________ Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________ HETEROTROPHS Image from: consuming other organisms Animals most bacteria

Vocab word the combination of all the _________________ through which an organism ________ or ___________ materials as it carries out its life processes = ___________________ metabolism chemical reactions builds up breaks down

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A signal to which an organism responds = ___________________ STIMULUS Image from:

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A stimulus can be _________________ Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward. Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up. EXTERNAL Image from:

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A stimulus can be ____________ Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry. INTERNAL

VOCAB WORD A cell works to keep conditions inside the cell constant = ______________________ IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much... the cell will die. HOMEOSTASIS

HOMEOSTASIS involves internal __________ mechanisms If body temp drops too low, “shivering” produces heat to warm you up. If temp is too hot, “sweating” cools you down. FEEDBACK

HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount of water in your body Your next stop gets rid of the excess water. (OSMOREGULATION)

ALL LIVING THINGS as a group, change over time = ______________ Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________ EVOLUTION survival species changing world