HW: Pg. 322 #1-12

7.1 nth Roots &Rational Exponents which if n is _______, then a has ____________: ____________ if n is _________, then a has ____________: ____________ if n is___________, then a has _________________ even & a>0 1 real nth root odd even & a=0 even & a<0 1 nth root 2 real nth roots NO real nth roots Rational Exponents: Let _____ be an __________________ of _____, and let ______ be a positive integer.

EXAMPLE 1 Find nth roots Find the indicated real nth root ( s ) of a. a. n = 3, a = –216 b. n = 4, a = 81 SOLUTION b. Because n = 4 is even and a = 81 > 0, 81 has two real fourth roots. Because 3 4 = 81 and (–3) 4 = 81, you can write ± 4 √ 81 = ±3 a. Because n = 3 is odd and a = –216 < 0, –216 has one real cube root. Because (–6) 3 = –216, you can write = 3 √ –216 = –6 or (–216) 1/3 = –6.

EXAMPLE 2 Evaluate expressions with rational exponents Evaluate (a) 16 3/2 and (b) 32 –3/5. SOLUTION Rational Exponent Form Radical Form a. 16 3/2 (16 1/2 ) 3 = 4343 = 64 = 16 3/2 ( ) 3  = = 64= b. 32 –3/5 = /5 = 1 (32 1/5 ) 3 = = 32 –3/ /5 = 1 ( ) 3 5  32 = = =

EXAMPLE 3 Approximate roots with a calculator Expression Keystrokes Display a. 9 1/ b. 12 3/ c. ( 4 ) 3 = 7 3/4 

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1, 2 and 3 Find the indicated real nth root ( s ) of a. 1. n = 4, a = 625 SOLUTION ±5 2. n = 6, a = 64 SOLUTION ±2 3. n = 3, a = – 64. –4 4. n = 5, a = SOLUTION

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1, 2 and 3 Evaluate expressions without using a calculator /2 SOLUTION –1/2 SOLUTION /4 SOLUTION /8 SOLUTION 1

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1, 2 and 3 Evaluate the expression using a calculator. Round the result to two decimal places when appropriate. Expression / /3 – 11. ( 4 √ 16) ( 3 √ –30) 2 SOLUTION

EXAMPLE 4 Solve equations using nth roots Solve the equation. a. 4x 5 = 128 Divide each side by 4. x5x5 32= Take fifth root of each side. x=  32 5 Simplify. x2 =

EXAMPLE 4 Solve equations using nth roots b. (x – 3) 4 = 21 Take fourth roots of each side. x – –  21= Add 3 to each side. x  4 + – 21+ 3= Write solutions separately. x 4  = or x= 4  21+ 3– Use a calculator. x5.14 or x0.86

EXAMPLE 5 Use nth roots in problem solving Biology A study determined that the weight w ( in grams ) of coral cod near Palawan Island, Philippines, can be approximated using the model w = ℓ 3 where l is the coral cod’s length ( in centimeters ). Estimate the length of a coral cod that weighs 200 grams.

EXAMPLE 5 Use nth roots in problem solving SOLUTION Write model for weight. w l 3 = Substitute 200 for w l 3 = Divide each side by ,976 l 3 Take cube root of each side. 11,976 3  l Use a calculator l ANSWER A coral cod that weighs 200 grams is about 23 centimeters long.

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 4 and 5 Solve the equation. Round the result to two decimal places when appropriate. 13. x 3 = 64 x = 4 SOLUTION x 5 = 512 SOLUTION x = x 2 = 108 SOLUTION x – = x 3 = 2 SOLUTION x= 2 17.( x – 2 ) 3 = –14 SOLUTION x = – ( x + 5 ) 4 = 16 SOLUTION x = – 3 or x = –7

GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 4 and 5 WHAT IF? Use the information from Example 5 to estimate the length of a coral cod that has the given weight. 19. a. 275 grams SOLUTION b. 340 grams SOLUTION 27 cm 25 cm c. 450 grams SOLUTION 30 cm

HOMEWORK: Pg #30-60e