Becoming a World Power

Pressure to Expand

Imperialism Grew b/c: Grew b/c: Economic Factors Economic Factors Natural Resources Natural Resources New Markets New Markets Nationalism Nationalism Militarism Militarism Humanitarian Factors and Religion Humanitarian Factors and Religion Europe was the leader in imperialism, but the US soon followed Europe was the leader in imperialism, but the US soon followed

US Imperialism Early Expansion Early Expansion Alaska Alaska Purchased from Russia in 1867 by US Secretary of State Seward Purchased from Russia in 1867 by US Secretary of State Seward Ridiculed for buying “walrus covered icebergs” and a “barren, worthless God-forsaken region.” Ridiculed for buying “walrus covered icebergs” and a “barren, worthless God-forsaken region.” Became known as Seward’s Folly and Seward’s Ice Box. Became known as Seward’s Folly and Seward’s Ice Box.

Reasons for Increased US Imperialism Reasons for Increased US Imperialism Promoting Economic growth Promoting Economic growth Protecting American Security Protecting American Security Preserving the American Spirit Preserving the American Spirit Social Darwinism Social Darwinism

The Spanish-American War

The Cuban Rebellion Cuban’s rebelled against Spain b/c of bad economic conditions Cuban’s rebelled against Spain b/c of bad economic conditions. Spain sent 150k troops under Gen. Valeriano Weyler Spain sent 150k troops under Gen. Valeriano Weyler Weyler established “reconcentration” policies (guarded camps) Weyler established “reconcentration” policies (guarded camps) Demand grew for US intervention b/c Demand grew for US intervention b/c Rebels attacked sugar plantations and mills Rebels attacked sugar plantations and mills Yellow Journalism--exaggerated reports that stemmed from a newspaper battle b/w Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst Yellow Journalism--exaggerated reports that stemmed from a newspaper battle b/w Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst Jingoism Jingoism

The War Prelude Prelude riots erupted in Havana riots erupted in Havana President McKinley moved the USS Maine in to protect Americans President McKinley moved the USS Maine in to protect Americans Feb 15--an explosion sunk the Maine killing 250 and the Spanish were blamed Feb 15--an explosion sunk the Maine killing 250 and the Spanish were blamed Asst. Sec. of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt ordered Adm. George Dewey to attack the Spanish fleet in the Phillipines if war broke out. Asst. Sec. of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt ordered Adm. George Dewey to attack the Spanish fleet in the Phillipines if war broke out.

Mckinley sent demands to Cuba Mckinley sent demands to Cuba Compensation for the Maine Compensation for the Maine End of Concentration Camps End of Concentration Camps Truce in Cuba Truce in Cuba Cuban Independence Cuban Independence Most, but not all were agreed to. Most, but not all were agreed to. April 11--Congress recognized Cuban Independence and authorized force. April 11--Congress recognized Cuban Independence and authorized force.

Course of the War Course of the War May 1, Adm. Dewey attacked the Spanish fleet in the Philippines and destroyed it in 7 hrs. May 1, Adm. Dewey attacked the Spanish fleet in the Philippines and destroyed it in 7 hrs. US ships bottled the Spanish Atlantic fleet up in Santiago Bay, Cuba US ships bottled the Spanish Atlantic fleet up in Santiago Bay, Cuba Volunteer troops massed in Tampa, FL for the invasion of Cuba Volunteer troops massed in Tampa, FL for the invasion of Cuba Theodore Roosevelt (TR) resigned his position and formed the 1st volunteer cavalry “the Rough Riders” Theodore Roosevelt (TR) resigned his position and formed the 1st volunteer cavalry “the Rough Riders” July 1, TR led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill (most famous incident in the war). July 1, TR led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill (most famous incident in the war). July 3, Spanish Atlantic fleet tried to escape and the US navy sank it. July 3, Spanish Atlantic fleet tried to escape and the US navy sank it.

Casualties Casualties 2500 Americans Died 2500 Americans Died Treaty of Paris 1898 Treaty of Paris 1898 Cuba’s independence recognized by Spain Cuba’s independence recognized by Spain US paid Spain $20 million US paid Spain $20 million Spain gave up the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam Spain gave up the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

Fate of the Philippines Fate of the Philippines 1899 Rebelled and 3 year war erupted b/w Filipinos and US 1899 Rebelled and 3 year war erupted b/w Filipinos and US Gained Independence in 1946 Gained Independence in 1946

Fate of Cuba Fate of Cuba Placed under military government Placed under military government 1900 Drafted a constitution based on the Platt Amendment 1900 Drafted a constitution based on the Platt Amendment Cubans couldn’t enter into foreign agreements Cubans couldn’t enter into foreign agreements US could establish 2 naval bases on the Island US could establish 2 naval bases on the Island US could intervene when necessary US could intervene when necessary

Fate of Puerto Rico Fate of Puerto Rico Remains under US control Remains under US control Puerto Ricans have US citizenship Puerto Ricans have US citizenship

Hawaii 1891 Queen Liliukalani tried to reduce the power of foreign merchants 1891 Queen Liliukalani tried to reduce the power of foreign merchants 1893 Sanford B. Dole (a pineapple planter) w/ the help of US Marines removed her from power and declared a republic 1893 Sanford B. Dole (a pineapple planter) w/ the help of US Marines removed her from power and declared a republic Dole requested the US annex Hawaii Dole requested the US annex Hawaii 1898 congress annexed Hawaii 1898 congress annexed Hawaii

Expansion Under TR and Taft

Overview 1900 William MCKinley was overwhelmingly reelected President William MCKinley was overwhelmingly reelected President He was assassinated and Theodore Roosevelt became President He was assassinated and Theodore Roosevelt became President. Roosevelt continued imperialist policies. Roosevelt continued imperialist policies.

Panama Canal The canal was needed to make shipping and naval warfare more efficient. The canal was needed to make shipping and naval warfare more efficient A French Company bough a concession from Colombia to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. They failed b/c of mismanagement and yellow fever A French Company bough a concession from Colombia to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. They failed b/c of mismanagement and yellow fever.

US bought out the Concession for $40 million. US bought out the Concession for $40 million. Colombia planned to up the price of the concession when it ran out in 1904 Colombia planned to up the price of the concession when it ran out in 1904 Roosevelt sponsored a rebellion against Colombia: Roosevelt sponsored a rebellion against Colombia: Panama rebelled with US naval support Panama rebelled with US naval support Panama declared independence and the US recognized it and became its protector Panama declared independence and the US recognized it and became its protector Panama gave the US a permanent grant for a 10 mile wide canal zone for $10 million Panama gave the US a permanent grant for a 10 mile wide canal zone for $10 million

Construction began in 1904 and finished in months ahead of schedule and $23 million under budget. Construction began in 1904 and finished in months ahead of schedule and $23 million under budget.

TR’s Foreign Policy Philosophy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.” Philosophy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.” Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine The US: The US: Didn’t want any more territory Didn’t want any more territory Wanted stability in its neighbors Wanted stability in its neighbors Would exercise an “International Policy Power” if a nation was about to collapse or if threatened US interests. Would exercise an “International Policy Power” if a nation was about to collapse or if threatened US interests.

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Substituted “dollars for bullets” Substituted “dollars for bullets” IOW increased American investment in countries in order to maintain peace. IOW increased American investment in countries in order to maintain peace.

The Debate over Imperialism

Anti-Imperialists Arguments Arguments Rejection of “Liberty for all” Rejection of “Liberty for all” US didn’t need more responsibility US didn’t need more responsibility Racism Racism Economics--costly, lose jobs Economics--costly, lose jobs

Imperialists Arguments Arguments Americans needed a new frontier to keep their edge Americans needed a new frontier to keep their edge Economic expansion was vital. Economic expansion was vital.