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Topic: Ecology MI: Symbiotic Relationships

Symbiotic relationships Two different organisms live in close association with each other 3 types

1. Mutualism (+, +) Both organisms benefit Examples:

Lichens (algae and fungi)

Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish ( moray eel gets a clean mouth and cleaner fish gets a meal)

Antelope with Oxbird ( antelope gets rid of parasites and oxbird gets a meal)

hummingbird feeds, distributes pollen Hummingbirds and flowers

2. Commensalism (+, 0) One organism benefits and the other is not affected Examples: –Barnacles attach to surface of a whale Benefits_of_Living_Together.asf

Remora fish and sharks / turtles

3. Parasitism (+, -) One organism benefits (parasite) and the other organism is harmed (host) Examples: –Tapeworms live in digestive tract No_Guts__No_Glory__The_World_of_the_Tapeworm.asf

- Roundworms -More common in warm climates than in cooler, temperate areas. - Many roundworm parasitic diseases result from human carelessness and a lack of appropriate personal hygiene and sanitation measures. - Range in size from those plainly visible to the naked eye to those several hundredths-of-an-inch long and visible only under a microscope. - Most eggs or larvae are found in the soil and can be picked up on the hands and transferred to the mouth or can enter through the skin. -Mature adult roundworms eventually end up or live in human intestines and cause a variety of health problems.

- Hookworms

- Athlete’s foot From_Head_to_Toe__Facial_Mites_and_Foot_Fungus.asf

Good_Night__Sleep_Tight__Don_t_Let_the_Bed_Bugs_Bite.asf Deer_Tics_and_Lyme_Disease.asf A_Closer_Look_at_Head_Lice.asf A_Fungus_Among_Us__Controlling_Caterpillars_with_Deadly_Spores.asf

A symbiotic relationship exists between two organisms of different species. If only one organism benefits from the relationship and the other is not harmed, the relationship is known as (1.) mutualism (2.) commensalism (3.) parasitism(4.) saprophytism

The American dogwood, a flowering tree of NY State's woodlands, has been attacked by a fungal disease specific to this tree species. Many dogwoods have died because fungicides have not proven effective in fighting the spread of this disease. Which term best describes the relationship between the dogwood trees and the fungus? (1.) parasitism (2.) mutualism (3.) commensalism (4.) saprophytism

Select the term from the list below that is most closely associated with the following statement. parasitism commensalism competition mutualism saprophytism 1.The roots of a mistletoe plant absorb nutrients from living oak trees, causing some damage to the tissues of the trees. 2. Protozoans living in the intestine of a termite secrete enzymes that digest cellulose, providing digestive end products of value to both organisms. 3. Certain fungi use dead organic matter for food.

The relationship between fleas and a dog is most similar to the relationship between (1.) honeybees and flower (2.) orchids and a tree (3.) nitrogen-fixing bacteria and a legume (4.) athlete's foot fungus and a human