PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY Chapter 2

Organisms & Their Environment Ch. 2, Sec. 1

What is Ecology? Ecology = study of interactions between organisms & their environment Ecology = study of interactions between organisms & their environment

Think, Pair, Share 1. Explain the difference between a food chain and a food web? 2. Draw an example of each.

Disruptions to the environment can ripple throughout the entire ecosystem Disruptions to the environment can ripple throughout the entire ecosystem

Biosphere Biosphere = parts of Earth and its atmosphere that support life, from the sky down to the bottom of the ocean Biosphere = parts of Earth and its atmosphere that support life, from the sky down to the bottom of the ocean

Living vs. Nonliving Biotic Factors = the living parts of an ecosystem Biotic Factors = the living parts of an ecosystem Abiotic Factors = the nonliving parts of an ecosystem (sun, temperature, pH, gasses, water) that are part of an organism’s life Abiotic Factors = the nonliving parts of an ecosystem (sun, temperature, pH, gasses, water) that are part of an organism’s life

Think, Pair, Share 3. List the levels of organization starting with atoms and ending with organism.

Levels of Organization Biosphere – portion of the Earth that supports living things

Ecosystem = the biotic & abiotic parts of an environment found in a particular place –The biosphere is made up of many different ecosystems

Communities = all the interacting living organisms in an area, all the different species

Populations = all members of the same species living in one place, at one time

Organism = the individual organism

Organisms in Ecosystems Habitat = the place where an organism lives out its life Habitat = the place where an organism lives out its life Niche = all strategies & adaptations a species uses in its environment; an species’ role Niche = all strategies & adaptations a species uses in its environment; an species’ role –What food they eat –What kind of shelter used –Where they reproduce

Having a specific role in an environment helps reduce competition Having a specific role in an environment helps reduce competition

Think, Pair, Share 4. Write an example of a parasitic relationship.

Survival Relationships (2 kinds Symbiosis & Predation) A. Symbiosis = organisms living closely together; 3 types of symbiosis

1. Mutualism = 2 species of organisms benefit from each other 1. Mutualism = 2 species of organisms benefit from each other

2. Commensalism = one species benefits & the other is neither harmed nor benefited 2. Commensalism = one species benefits & the other is neither harmed nor benefited

3. Parasitism = one species benefits at the expense of another species 3. Parasitism = one species benefits at the expense of another species

B. Predation = a predator eats another organism for food B. Predation = a predator eats another organism for food

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Practice Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of other birds and allow them to raise their chick usually at the expense of the offspring of the other species. Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of other birds and allow them to raise their chick usually at the expense of the offspring of the other species. What would happen to a forest community if the cowbird population increased? What would happen to a forest community if the cowbird population increased?