Ecology

Everything is Connected __________- the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment Ecology

Living part = ____________ environment Made up of all the organisms that live together Examples: _____________________________ The environment is made up of living and non-living parts. biotic mushrooms, ferns, monkeys, bacteria

Non-living part = ______________ environment Made up of all the physical factors Examples: ____________________________ abiotic soil, sun, water, rocks

The Six Levels of Environmental Organization 1st ____________ - individual life form Example: ______________________________ organism sea sponge, platypus, euglena

2nd ____________ - group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time. Examples:__________________________ population hive of bees, flock of birds, colony of yeast, grove of trees

3rd ___________ - all of the populations of different species that live and interact together. Examples:________________________________ community all the populations on the prairie or wetland

4th _____________- a community of organisms and its abiotic environment Examples: __________________________ ecosystem coral reef, desert

5th ____________- all the related ecosystems in an area Example: _____________________________ biome rainforest, desert, grassland

6th _____________ - the part of the Earth where life exists. biosphere

Living Things Need Energy _____________ - make their own food examples: __________________________ producers plants, some bacteria, some protists

_____________ - obtain their energy by eating producers or other consumers consumers

__________ - eat plants and other producers examples: ___________________________ herbivores deer, bison, zebras

______________ - eat animals examples: _________________________ carnivores polar bears, T-rex, wolves

______________ - eat producers and animals examples: ________________________________ omnivores squirrels, turtles, humans

______________ - eat bodies of dead animals examples: _____________________________ scavengers vulture, hyena, cockroach

_____________ - obtain their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms examples: _________________________________ decomposer fungi, some bacteria, some protists

We can make drawings to illustrate how energy is transferred from one living thing to another in a community. __________- shows how the energy moves from one organism to another Note: energy always goes in only one direction. For example, owls eat mice but mice never eat owls. Food Chain

Draw a food chain:

__________-all of the interconnecting pathways of food chains Food Web

____________- represents the loss of energy at each level of the food chain. The energy levels in the pyramid are called ___________. Look at the picture in your notes. Energy Pyramid Trophic levels

Habitat and Niche __________ - the environment in which the organism lives _________- an organism’s way of life within an ecosystem, including its habitat, food, predators, competitors, abiotic factors Habitat Niche

Very Close Interactions __________- close, long-term relationship between two or more species 1. ___________- both organisms benefit example: Bacteria in your intestine, they get free food, you get the vitamins they produce Symbiosis Mutualism

2. ____________- one benefits and the other is unaffected example: Remoras get a ride and eat scraps of food left over by shark Commensalism

3. ___________- one benefits and the other is harmed Example: Tapeworms The organism that has the parasite is called the host. Parasitism