Populations

DAY 1 - Ecology and Populations Bell- What is Ecology What is a Population? AGENDA Ecology Intro Bacteria growth Corn Growth HW - Embed a symbiosis video on the wiki site

Ecology study of interactions between organisms (biotic factors) and environment (abiotic factors).

Biotic Factors living organisms Plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria

Abiotic Factors Abiotic Factors-Non living factors rock, sun, air, water, temperature

Organization of Life Biosphere Biome Ecosystem community population species

Ecology Biosphere- Portion of earth that supports life.

Biomes - terrestrial and aquatic

Ecosystem Interacting populations in communities with all factors.

Community collection of interacting populations.

Day 2 - Populations Bell: What is a population? AGENDA Symbiotic Relationships Population Growth Pop Goes the Planet HW - a symbiosis video

Population- group of organisms of one species living in same place.

Organism Interactions Symbiosis- relationship with close and permanent association among organisms of different species.

Types of Symbiosis Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

Commensalism one organism benefits and the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed.

Mutualism both species benefit ls-pets-kids/bugs-kids/ant-acacia-kids/

Parasitism one organism benefits while the other organism is harmed Parasitism

Population Growth Population - same species in a given area 4 ways Birth Death Immigration Emigration

Population growth - bacteria

Population growth Graph a Bacteria population Bacteria divide every 20 minutes Create a line graph that shows the Population Growth of bacteria over a 3 hour and 20 minute period. Assume that the population starts with 1 bacteria and there are unlimited resources.

Corn Graph Create another graph: population of corn How many seeds does each generation produce? Create Graph of showing 10 years (generations). Assume that only 30 kernels become plants each year.

Bacteria and Corn DO the graphs have similar shape What does it look like? Letter? Exhibit Exponential Growth J- Curve Population will grow exponentially with unlimited resources

OH DEER Deer simulation - OUTSIDE 10 Years (rounds) Deer vs. Shelter, Food, Water Create a graph showing the deer population

OH Deer Demonstrates Logistic Growth (S-Curve) Population Grows to Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity is determined by Limiting Factors

Logistic Growth Limiting Factors - Lower population size Competition Predation Disease (including Parasitism) Natural disasters (ex. Drought) Human Disturbance

Human Population / minute

Human Population What Type of Growth are we experiencing? Can it continue?

Day 3 - Populations Watch Video - decide on relationship AGENDA Limiting Factors Energy Flow Natural Selection Lab

Limiting Factors Which are Density Dependent? Competition, Predation, Disease Which are Density Independent?

Energy Flow ✦ Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem through photosynthesis ✦ plants use light energy to make sugars (carbohydrates) ✦ energy is used to carry out daily activities

Bell Ringer ✦ If a stream is too warm to support Trout, is that a biotic or abiotic factor?

Answer: ✦ Abiotic Abiotic Factors-Non living factors rock, sun, air, water, temperature

Producer vs. Consumer ✦ Autotroph= Producer: ✦ an organism that makes its own food; ✦ receives direct energy from the sun

Producer vs. Consumer ✦ Consumer: an organism that gets its energy by eating other organisms; ✦ receives energy indirectly from the sun

Types of Consumers ✦H✦Herbivores - plant eaters - Primary consumer ✦C✦Carnivores - flesh eaters - Secondary consumers, Tertiary consumers, etc. ✦O✦Omnivores - eaters of all ✦D✦Detritivores (decomposers) - break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil, water and air

Food Chain ✦ the sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to next as each organism eats another organism

Food Web ✦ energy flow in an ecosystem is more complex than that of a simple food chain ✦ Why? ✦ most organisms eat more than one type of food ✦ food webs show all feeding relationships possible in an ecosystem ✦ multiple food chains What happens if the grass is removed?

Trophic Levels ✦ each step through which energy is transferred in a food chain is a trophic level ✦ Producer - Primary consumer - secondary consumer - tertiary consumer ✦ when energy is transferred, some is lost as: ✦ heat, etc. - means less energy is available to organisms at the next level ✦ 90% of the energy is used ✦ 10% is stored and passed on to next level

Ecological Pyramids ✦ diagrams that show the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level of a food chain/web ✦ 3 Types ✦ Energy Pyramids ✦ Biomass Pyramids ✦ Pyramid of Numbers

Energy Pyramids ✦ Reminder: ✦ each layer represents one trophic level ✦ producers form the base (contain most energy) ✦ high level consumers make up top layer (less energy is available)

Energy Pyramid Problem ✦ Use the following information about this food chain to create an energy pyramid. ✦ Grass --> Grasshopper --> Frog --> Heron ✦ Assume that there are 175,000 calories available in all the grass plants in this food chain. ✦ Label each trophic level. Show the # of calories available at each level.

Biomass Pyramid ✦ biomass = the total amount of living tissue within a trophic level ✦ where is the biomass the greatest? ✦ base of the pyramid

Pyramid of Numbers ✦ shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level

Biomagnification ✦ chemical substances (poisons) become more concentrated as they move up a food chain ✦ toxins are stored in the fatty tissues of the organisms

Day 4 - Natural Selection lab `

DAY 4 - Populations BELL: What happened to the Greenus Beanus and the Varietus Beanus populations? Which had the higher growth rate? Which had the higher reproductive Rate (percent left for reproduction)? Why did the Varietus Beanus population still grow? Did one phenotype reproduce more than any others? AGENDA Population Changes - Hardy-Weinberg A mutation Story *Turn in your Natural Selection Graphs and Answered questions