 Ecology: The study of the _____ of organisms with one another and with their _____.  Intro to Ecology (3:07) Intro to Ecology (3:07)

 Ecosystems are very complex.  They could contain hundreds or thousands of interacting _____.  Understanding their _____ can be beneficial for all organisms within that _____.

 Understanding ecosystems by asking two questions:  Where does the _____ for organisms come from?  Where do _____ and inorganic substances come from for organisms?

Species – an individual (harlequin poison dart frog) Population – group of same _____ living in the same _____

Community – groups of different _____ living in an area (pond community) Ecosystem – communities plus the _____ parts; first level to study nonliving parts

Biome – groups of _____ put together in a large geographic area; same _____ and similar dominant _____ Biosphere – the _____ and upper _____ where life can be found

 Autotrophs/Producers The organisms that take in _____ from their surroundings (light, inorganic chemicals) and store it in complex _____.  P_____  A_____  B_____

Heterotrophs/Consumers Organisms that obtain their _____ by consuming other _____ A_____ P_____ F_____ B_____

 Decomposers Organisms that obtain _____ by consuming organic _____ (feces, urine, dead plants and animals)  F_____  B_____

 Herbivores: _____ eaters  Usually found at the _____ trophic level. Carnivores: _____ eaters Usually found at the _____ trophic level or above.

 Omnivores: organisms that eat both _____ and _____ Detritovores: organisms that eat dead and decaying _____ _____

Energy pyramid _____ of energy is passed on through each _____ _____; remaining _____ released as _____ or used by organism

Biomass pyramid: total amount of _____ _____ within a _____ _____; in this example, 10,000 g/m 2 of _____ are required to support only 10 g/m 2 of _____ _____

Pyramid of numbers: displays the _____ of organisms located at each _____ _____; can be _____

Food chains show the _____ flow of _____ within an ecosystem; also show _____-_____ relationships (who eats whom)

 Food web shows the movement of _____ through an _____ in a _____ _____ of feeding _____; more complex and descriptive than a _____ _____  Food Chains/Webs (2:40) Food Chains/Webs

 Symbiosis = A close long-term _____ between two or more species.  Marine Symbiosis (6:00) Marine Symbiosis (6:00)

 Parasitism = A relationship between at least two organisms where one derives _____ from the other (the host).  Parasite _____; host is _____

 Mutualism = A symbiotic relationship in which all participating species _____

 Commensalism = is an ecological relationship in which one species _____ and the other is neither _____ nor _____.  Crash Course - Ecology (10:00) Crash Course - Ecology (10:00)

 78% of the _____ is composed of nitrogen.  The nitrogen cycle is the flow of atmospheric _____ through an ecosystem.  It is helped by _____-_____ bacteria on the _____ of some plants.  Animals then take up the _____ from the plants and return it to the soil in _____ and _____ as well as death (_____).

 The water cycle is very dependent upon _____.  If plants are removed from the cycle many other nutrient cycles will be _____.

 CO 2 in atmosphere from:  _____ activity  _____ (breathing)  CO 2 from _____  Natural _____ of organic material  Plants remove CO 2 from both the _____ and _____.  Carbon Cycle (2:55) Carbon Cycle (2:55)

 Phosphorus exists mainly in _____ and _____ minerals and in ocean sediments as _____.  Phosphorus found in the nucleic acids _____ and _____  Aquatic: Phosphates dissolved by _____  phosphorus goes into bodies of _____  organisms consume the _____.  Terrestrial: Phosphorus is taken up by _____; animals then eat plants and obtain _____

 Biodiversity = The number of _____ living in an _____ and how common each species is; very important within an ecosystem  Importance of Biodiversity (6:50) Importance of Biodiversity (6:50)