 Senior Health Cardiovascular Diseases Miss Toritto

Objectives  Student will be able to identify and describe risk factors in relation to cardiovascular diseases.  Student will be able to display understanding of a heart attack, stroke, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure and stenosis.  Student will be able to apply knowledge of cardiovascular diseases through evaluating an individual’s lifestyle and measuring the likelihood of that person developing arteriosclerosis as a result.

Do Now  Daily Recording Calendar  What impacts your heart health? List some ways that your can positively/negatively influence your heart health.

Did you know?  16 million Americans are living with heart disease  Each year, nearly half a million die from it  Commonly, a heart attack is the first sign of heart disease

What is a cardiovascular disease?  #1 death globally  Heart and blood vessel disease, also called heart disease  Includes many problems, many of which are related to arteriosclerosis

What is arteriosclerosis?  “Hardening of the arteries”  Causes many heart attacks, many strokes, and affects many other organs  PLAQUE= Fatty buildup on arterial walls 

What are the risks?  What are the risks for developing arterial disease?  High blood pressure  Cholesterol  Cigarettes  Diabetes  Family history  Low “good” cholesterol (HDL)  High “bad” cholesterol (LDL)

What is a heart attack?  Blocked blood flow to heart, caused by blood clot  If the clot cuts off blood flow completely, the part of the heart supplied by that artery begins to die

What is a stroke?  Cause:  Cerebral Thrombosis:  A blood clot (thrombosis) in a cerebral artery or vein that supplies blood to the brain  “Brain attack”

What is a stroke?  How does it happen?  Occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops, caused by a blood clot  If flow is stopped for longer than a couple seconds, brain cannot get oxygen/blood  Brain cells die, leading to possible permanent brain damage

Stroke Risk Factors  High blood pressure  Diabetes  Family history  High cholesterol  Age  Race  Unhealthy Lifestyle

Types of Stroke  Ischemic Stroke:  Occurs as a result of an obstruction within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain  Hemorrhagic Stroke:  Results from a weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain

Congestive Heart Failure  Does heart failure mean the heart stops beating?

What is congestive heart failure?  “Can’t keep up”  The heart is not pumping blood as well as it should  Heart keeps working but body’s need for blood and oxygen is not being met  If not treated, can get worse

What is an arrhythmia?  “Abnormal rhythm”  Heart can beat too fast, too slow or irregularly  Can affect how the heart works  TOO SLOW=Bradycardia: Less than 60 beats per minute  TOO FAST=Tachycardia: More than 100 beats per minute  IRREGULAR= Atrial Fibrillation: Quivering

What is stenosis?  “Heart valve problems”  Valves do not open enough to allow blood to flow through  Regurgitation:  Heart valves do not close properly, allowing blood to leak through  Mitral Valve Prolapse:  Valve not closed, allow blood to flow backwards into chamber

Treatment

Who is at risk for developing arteriosclerosis?  Framingham Heart Study: Risk Calculator  With your group, read over the scenario you were given  Calculate the person’s risk for developing arteriosclerosis using the “risk calculator”  To access risk calculator: Type ‘Framingham risk calculator’ in Google. Click on the first link  Record the risk percentage and answer the questions that follow with your group  Be ready to share your finding with the rest of the class